Question $4$

$($a$)$ Consider manufacturing company B$,$ where there is a basic, logical method for solving problems called, the planning process and the decision$-$making process. Discuss how decision making relates to planning and explain the important occasions for decision making available to a manager to produce the most desirable consequences relative to unwanted consequences.

$(18$ marks$)$

$($b$)$ What are the concepts of quality used by any company in production operations management to assure product quality?

$(5$ marks$)$

$($c$)$ In view of the varied research policies adopted by organizations, what alternative new product strategies are generally practiced?