Question $4$

a$)$ Contrast with diagrams the differences in the cooling curves of a pure metal$*$and a$\text{'}$ Copper Nickel alloy $(7$ marks$)$

b$)$ State eight casting methods using permanent moulds $(8$ marks$)$

c$)$ What casting method gives the best options to vary metal $(2$ marks$)$

d$)$ Briefly describe with diagrams $4$ common casting quality defects associated with sand casting.