Question 4 Study and analyze the case passage below and answer the subquestions a, b and c that follow suit. Workers join trade unions for a number of reasons, some of which are discoursed here. First, on the list in order of importance is safeguard the interests of members pertaining to petition to management for change in conditions of service, strike, poor/low pay and unsafe workplace/conditions. Second, to participate in labor activities for mutual/common benefits like profits from labor business. Third, to get a media of communication reflecting views/ideas/feelings/frustrations among others. Industrial disputes stem from conflicts, disorders or unrests arising between workers and employers on any grounds resulting in strikes, lockouts by management and picketing by workers. This involves mass refusal of employees to work in the organization until the dispute is resolved. Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) first experienced industrial dispute in the form of strike action by miners in 1919 leading to successful collective actions by workers with the formation of unions like the Gold and Silver Smiths Association in 1920. This made the colonial government to outlaw strikes. The Trade Union Congress (TUC) national strike in 1948 led to the release of jailed politicians which gradually led to independence of the country in 1957. The principals involved/assigned by courts for judging the nature of disputes cut across individual unions taking up the disputes. This is followed by parties involved in the dispute must have direct interest and consultation by parties to resolve the grievance using the Industrial Act. a) Devising involves accountability of a system. Mention and explain two (2) reasons why workers join trade unions. b) Giving a discourse ensures the comprehension of issues explained. State what disputes/conflicts between employers and employees stem from.

c) Tabulating gives room for the use of tables for comparison. Design a two column table of what precipitated in 1919 in Gold Coast (now Ghana) and in 1948 in labor disputes.