Question In Operation Management ..

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Product Services 1-tangible, durable products. 1- Intangible, perishable products. 2- Output can be inventoried. 2- Output can't be inventoried. 3-consumption/use takes more time. 3-Immidiate consumption. 4-low costumer's involvement. 4- High costumer's involvement. 5-long response time. 5- Short response time. 6-available at regional, national and 6-local market. international market. 7-Reqire large facilities. 7- Require small facilities. 8-Capital intensive. 8-Labour intensive. 9-Quality easily measured. 9- Quality not easily measured. 10-Demand variable on weekly, monthly, 10- Demand variable on hourly, daily, weekly seasonally. basis. Explanations Manufacturing organization generally transfer tangible inputs or raw materials into some tangible output (ex: steel, refrigerator, toothpaste, soap etc.) Other inputs such as labour skills, management skills, capitals are used as well. Manufacturing organizations perform some chemical /physical processes (such as blending refining, welding, grinding.etc) to transfer their raw material into tangible products. Service providing organization though transform a set of input into set of output, they don't produce a tangible output.(ex: mail service, library service, restaurant etc.).or provide service(ex: health care, hair care, watch and automobile repair etc.). The service of service providing organization is intangible. A 2nd distinction is based on inventories .durable goods can be kept for longer time these goods can be stored for longer time and can be transported in anticipation in future demand .Thus with durable goods ,operation manager can co up with the peaks and valleys in demand by creating inventories and smoothing out output levels. Whereas service can't be pre produced. For example: getting fast food from a fast food center, getting treatment from hospital etc. A 3rd distinction is based on consumption/use of output. The products (goods) generally take longer period for its use, for ex refrigerator, T.V. automobile etc. can be used at least for 10 years. On the other hand, the output produced from a service operation (i.e. service) is consumed within a small time. Ex. consumption of fastfood, taking hair care, enjoying journey by a bus/train/aero plane enjoying entertainment program. A 4th distinction is based on customer contact. Most of the consumers/customers have little or no contact with production system/organization. Whereas, in many service providing organization The set of interrelated management activities which are involved in manufacturing certain products is called production management and for service management, then corresponding set of management activities is called as operation management. Examples: (Products/goods) Boiler with a specific capacity, Constructing flats, Car, bus, radio, television. Examples: (Services) Medical facilities, Travel booking services. In the process of managing various subsystems of the organization executives at different levels of the organization need to track several management decisions. The management decisions are Strategic, tactical and operational. Strategic (Top level) Defining goals Making policies Tactical (Middle level) Plant location new product establishment Monitoring of budgets Operational (Bottom level) effective and efficient utilization of resources 7. Explain the functions and importance of World Trade Organisation (WTO)