QUESTION ONE

$[40]$

The post$-$colonial Third World that emerged after World War II required urgent changes in public administrative structures, processes, and behaviour in order to facilitate rapid development.

Development administration, as a new category of public administration, was introduced in response to the special needs and requirements of development. The objective contents of development and the nature of the structure of the primary agency of development, namely bureaucracy, became a serious focus.

Since the publication of Wilson's founding essay in $1887,$ change and reform have remained a constant refrain of administrative analysis. The initial impulse came from reformers interested in separating politics from administration, to rid the latter of corruption and to professionalize it$.$

Successive efforts in disciplinary growth were aimed at organizing decision$-$making and policyrefinement, behavioural reorientation of employees and managers and public administration, towards an open system, environmentally sensitive and a client$-$responsive direction.

In the third world, public administration became development administration, which had a new focus, objectives, and modalities of functioning. The development$-$reform nexus spawned a variety of responses from international agencies such as the World Bank, as well as from developing countries themselves. Good governance, participative developments, and de$-$bureaucratization gained importance in conceptualizing contemporary public administration and public management.

$1\mathrm{.}1$ Analyse the views of Max Weber, Victor Thompson, and Guy Peters and provide an understanding of how administrative reform is aligned to their views.