QUESTION TWO

Budgeting has over the years been an integral aspect of public financial management. There are several

approaches of budgeting available to countries, but fundamentally, the budgeting processes and cycle

are similar regardless of the approach adopted.

You are required to:

a$)$ Describe the budgeting process and cycle of Ghana.

$(10$ marks$)$

b$)$ As a consultant, critique the budgeting process and cycle of Ghana and make your

recommendations,

$(10$ marks$)$

$($Total: $20$ marks$)$

QUESTION THREE

Public procurement systems are often designed to ensure that there is value for money in the use of

public funds to procure goods, works and services. Regrettably, public opinion in Ghana holds that

much of public sector corruption manifest itself in the procurement process.

You are required to:

a$)$ Discuss five $(5)$ weaknesses in Ghana's public procurement system that lend the procurement

process to abuse by procurement entities.

b$)$ Make five $(5)$ recommendations to the Board of Public Procurement Authority with a view of

helping to reduce comuption within the public procurement system.

$(10$ marks$)$

$($Total: $20$ marks$)$

QUESTION FOUR

A public entity is accountable when it is required or expected to explain or justify its actions or

decisions. Accountability may take the form of performance accountability, financial accountability,

hierarchical accountability, professional accountability, legal accountability, and many more.

You are required to:

a$)$ State and explain the possible elements to be in performance accountability.

Provide an example for each element.

b$)$ Identify and discuss the elements, types, and forms of accountability using

$(10$ marks$)$

university of Ghana as a case study.