Recommendation-How the Indonesia port should react/ be proactive towards the effects mentioned

Indo Challenge - Environmental Sustainability - Infrastructure Investment - Regional Competition - Trade Liberalization - Maritime Supply Chain Inefficiency The common challenges that we found in both ports are the environmental sustainability issues. As the shipping industry contributes around 3% of the world's pollution it would easily rank itself as the 6th largest contributor if it was a country. Shipping port are hard to decarbonize as most ships in the industry still use marine fuel to operate which causes pollution thus unable to solve the sustainability issue. The 2 causes for sustainability issues in Singapore port are the heavily dependent on Marine Fuel sales and the high volume of activity in port terminals. As singapore is one of the busiest port in the world, each day there are about 1000 vessel entering the port on daily basis.As Singapore has one of the largest bunkering hub, marine fuel sales adds up to around 7% of singapore GDP (Maritime Industry, 2022) which is one of the reason why environmental pollution at the sea is so high which will cause a huge volume of greenhouse gasses to be emitted into the environment thus causing pollution. If the bunkering were to be replaced, huge sales could be lost and the economy might be impacted as cleaner energy are more expensive than normal marine fuel, ship owners would therefore prefer to use the most cost-efficient fuel if cleaner energy does not bring any benefits to ship owners other than having a cleaner environment. Hence in order to push the use of cleaner fuel, the cost of the fuel have to be more competitive enough to allow users to be convinced to make the switch. The second cause for sustainability issues is the high volume activity in the port due to the many vessels entering into Singapore. Cranes and vehicles are still running on diesel in some parts of the port which also add up the pollution created when loading or moving the containers. With the congested port, ship will tend to spend some time on the sea and idle on the sea till the berth is ready for unloading thus the waiting time will produce more pollution to the environment As infrastructure are not fully digitalise, error do happens when forecasting the flow of traffic to the port hence causing ship to waste more fuel and also incurred them to rush for their next location by speeding thus increasing pollution to the environment. Without smooth flow of operation, delay in container loading would end up causing heavy pollution not only in Singapore but also the world