Section C $(30$ marks$)$:

Answer ALL questions from this section. Please write your answer in the NEW answer book.

$1.$ Based on the contents of population genetics we discussed, please answer the following questions.

a$.$ Define Broad$-$Sense Heritability and Narrow$-$Sense Heritability. Briefly explain how they differ in the context of genetic inheritance. $(5$ marks$)$

b$.$ For $15$ pairs of individuals that had each of the following relationships with one another, correlation coefficients for height were determined:

Mother$-$daughter: $0\mathrm{.}36$

Mother$-$granddaughter: $0\mathrm{.}17$

Sister$-$sister: $0\mathrm{.}39$

Sister$-$sister $($fraternal twins$)$: $0\mathrm{.}40$

Sister$-$sister $($identical twins$)$: $0\mathrm{.}77$

$(1)$ calculate the heritability for height in each relationship $(5$ marks$).$

$(2)$ calculate the average heritability for height in this group $(1$ mark$).$

$(3)$ interpret the heritability results $(3$ marks$)$

c$.$ Define the Hardy$-$Weinberg equilibrium and its significance in population genetics. $(2$ marks$)$ Please also list and explain the five conditions required for a population to be in Hardy$-$Weinberg equilibrium. $(6$ marks$)$

d$.$ Given a population of $1000$ individuals, $360$ show the recessive phenotype for a trait governed by a single gene with two alleles. Calculate the allele frequencies and genotype frequencies for the population, assuming it is in Hardy$-$Weinberg equilibrium. $(8$ Marks$)$