Question: Security How is it possible that buffer overflow in the stack can cause execution of code placed on the stack by an attacker? Be specific

Security

How is it possible that buffer overflow in the stack can cause execution of code placed on the stack by an attacker? Be specific in terms of process memory layout and control flow.

Continue (a) with how it is possible for an attacker to inject code into the heap and get it executed. How do NOP sled help an attacker?

What is W-XOR-X and how does this prevent the previous two attack types? Include the role of process memory layout in your discussion.

How do ROP attacks circumvent W-XOR-X? Why can't NOP sleds be used in this case?

What is a stack canary and how does this prevent stack overflow attacks? Is it guaranteed always to work? If so, why, if not, why not?

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3. When verbally attacked, I allow for the likelihood that the attackers might never have learned how to respond when their needs arent met.

5. When verbally attacked, I keep my role as a manager separate from my identity as a person.

2. I reject the harm that can result from reacting emotionally when I am upset and getting angry or feeling battered.