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Based on the supremacy clause, the this doctrine holds that state and federal laws that conflict must yield to the superior law, which is federal law.

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In matters of civil or criminal procedure, the Constitution requires that both states and the federal government provide fair rules to all parties, especially defendants who are accused of a crime

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The idea, built into the structure of the Constitution, that states and the federal government have concurrent powers, and that any federal powers not enumerated in the Constitution rest with the states.

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This part of the First Amendment prohibits the government from passing legislation to create an official religion or preferring one religion over another, and thus enforces the "separation of church and state."

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This part of the First Amendment prohibits the government $($in most instances$)$ from interfering with a person's freedom to practice of their religious faith.

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The place in the $14$th amendment stating that no state shall $$deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.$$