Service characteristic$($s$)$that greatly affect$($s$)$ the design of marketing programs are:

Intangibility: Services cannot be seen, tasted, felt, heard, or smelled before they are bought. To reduce

uncertainty, buyers will look for evidence of quality by drawing inferences from the place, people, equipment,

communication material, symbols, and price

Inseparability: Services are typically produced and consumed simultaneously. Both the provider and the client

are a part of the service.

Variability: Because services depend on who provides them and when and where, and to whom, services are

highly variable. Service buyers are aware of this variability and often talk to others before selecting a service

provider.

Perishability: Services cannot be stored, so their perishability can be a problem when demand fluctuates. That

is why public transportation companies must own much more equipment because of rush$-$hour demand than if

demand were even throughout the day.

All of the above