Sometimes DNA polymerase slips on the template and inserts one additional nucleotide or skips a nucleotide. If such a mistake is not corrected immediately, then after the next replication, the mistake would be permanent. Like the effects of many other mutations, the effect of a single$-$base slippage mutation depends on where it happens in the genome. Make a prediction for the possible effect of a single$-$base insertion at the following loci:

Q$1\mathrm{.}1$

$1\mathrm{.}5$ Points

intron of a gene:

I believe a single base insertion in the intron of a gene would be less likely to be harmful than such a mutation in a coding region of a gene, but it is also possible that a single base insertion in an intron could cause a frameshift mutation in a coding region, which would disrupt normal protein synthesis and could be very harmful.

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Q$1\mathrm{.}2$

$1\mathrm{.}5$ Points

protein$-$coding sequence of a gene:

This is likely to be a harmful mutation, unless the single base insertion somehow does not disrupt the proteins encoded by the gene, which is highly unlikely.

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Q$1\mathrm{.}3$

$1\mathrm{.}5$ Points

protein$-$coding sequence of the gene encoding $\backslash ($ X P$-$C $\backslash )$ :