Stemming from the textbook and class discussion, we know that our individual perceptions greatly influence what we consider to be 'reality.$\text{'}$ Knowing this, which of the following would be a way that managers could help to influence their employees' perceptions, specific to production behaviors, that would increase their overall performance?

By using performance$-$rankings in the organization as a means of contrast effect theory so that employees know how work was done in the past

By using a form of social cognitive theory, whereby managers help to increase employees' self$-$belief that they can complete the task, while also using vicarious learning to show how others are performing at high levels.

By using the principles of cognitive dissonance and telling employees that they probably cannot reach the intended goals as a way to motivate them to produce even more

By using positive reinforcemment and taking away part of the job duties that the employees perceive as good