Studies exploring nurses' perceptions about using handheld electronic devices in their daily patient practice found initial resistance, with some nurses concerned about the cost and short technological life cycle of these devices. To address the nurses' concerns, the nurses' managers try to instill in them the motivation to change, encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to innovation. The nurses managers are taking action consistent with which stage of Lewin's model?

unfreezing

transition

refreezing

decoupling

preparation