The higher growth rates for newly globalizing developing countries during the $1980$s and $1990$s indicate that

Multiple Choice

import$-$substituting industrialization is a generally successful strategy for economic development and high economic growth.

outward$-$oriented policies, including emphasis on exports of manufactured goods driven by comparative advantage, is likely to be a successful strategy for economic development and high economic growth.

primary product exports are the key to economic development and high economic growth.

none of the above are correct.