The present EU data privacy framework, GDPR, was put in place after an earlier data privacy framework called "Safe Harbor" was declared invalid by the Court of Justice of the EU in 2015. Explain why the court did this.

When a TCP client attempts to connect to a remote TCP port on a live destination host, three situations are possible:

1. the remote port is open
2. the remote port is closed (i.e. no software service is bound to the port on the destination host)
3. the remote port is filtered (i.e. an intermediary device such as a firewall is blocking traffic from the source to the destination) and could be open or closed

Research the nmap TCP SYN scan and explain what response we expect in each of the three situations.

When a UDP client attempts to connect to a remote UDP port on a live destination host, three situations are possible:

1. the remote port is open
2. the remote port is closed (i.e. no software service is bound to the port on the destination host)
3. the remote port is filtered (i.e. an intermediary device such as a firewall is blocking traffic from the source to the destination) and could be open or closed

Research the nmap UDP scan and explain what response we expect in each of the three situations.