The soil profile at a site consists of a 5 m-thick normally consolidated clay layer sandwiched...

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The soil profile at a site consists of a 5 m-thick normally consolidated clay layer sandwiched between two sand layers as shown on Figure Q-3a. The dry and saturated unit weights of the sand are 16.5 kN/m³ and 18 kN/m³ respectively. The compression index Ce and the swelling index C, of the normally consolidated clay layer are 0.64 and 0.12 respectively. The natural water content of the clay is 48% and the specific gravity of the soil grains is 2.65. A warehouse will be built at the site. This warehouse will impose a load of a uniform pressure of 30 kN/m² on the ground surface. Due to the 30 kN/m² loading imposed by the warehouse, the 5m thick clay layer will undergo consolidation settlement. warehouse loading = 30 kN/m² (new development) Dry Sand Saturated Sand Normally Consolidated Clay Saturated Sand Ydry(sand) = 16.5 kN/m³ Ysat(sand) 18.0 kN/m³ --GWL natural water content wa7 = = 48 % specific gravity of soil grains G₂ = 2.65 compression index C = 0.64 swelling index C, = 0.12 1 m 0.5 m 5 m Figure Q-3a Ground Conditions for a Proposed Warehouse Development (a) By treating the clay as one single layer, calculate the settlement of the warehouse due to the primary consolidation of the normally consolidated clay layer. Assume the sand layers above and below the clay layer do not undergo any compression. [8 marks] The warehouse developer found that the settlement predicted in part (a) was too excessive. Hence, he instructed the engineer to come up with a method to reduce the settlement experienced by the warehouse. The engineer proposed the following method. The soil profile at a site consists of a 5 m-thick normally consolidated clay layer sandwiched between two sand layers as shown on Figure Q-3a. The dry and saturated unit weights of the sand are 16.5 kN/m³ and 18 kN/m³ respectively. The compression index Ce and the swelling index C, of the normally consolidated clay layer are 0.64 and 0.12 respectively. The natural water content of the clay is 48% and the specific gravity of the soil grains is 2.65. A warehouse will be built at the site. This warehouse will impose a load of a uniform pressure of 30 kN/m² on the ground surface. Due to the 30 kN/m² loading imposed by the warehouse, the 5m thick clay layer will undergo consolidation settlement. warehouse loading = 30 kN/m² (new development) Dry Sand Saturated Sand Normally Consolidated Clay Saturated Sand Ydry(sand) = 16.5 kN/m³ Ysat(sand) 18.0 kN/m³ --GWL natural water content wa7 = = 48 % specific gravity of soil grains G₂ = 2.65 compression index C = 0.64 swelling index C, = 0.12 1 m 0.5 m 5 m Figure Q-3a Ground Conditions for a Proposed Warehouse Development (a) By treating the clay as one single layer, calculate the settlement of the warehouse due to the primary consolidation of the normally consolidated clay layer. Assume the sand layers above and below the clay layer do not undergo any compression. [8 marks] The warehouse developer found that the settlement predicted in part (a) was too excessive. Hence, he instructed the engineer to come up with a method to reduce the settlement experienced by the warehouse. The engineer proposed the following method.

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