This case shows how advancements in technology can render traditional business models obsolete. For example, Microsoft destroyed about half the value created by Britannica. In turn, Wikipedia moved away from Britannica$$s and Microsoft$$s proprietary business models to an open$-$source model powered by user$-$generated content and available to anyone on the Internet, destroying Encarta$$s business, with Microsoft shut down in $2009.$ Wikipedia created substantial benefits for users by shifting to the open$-$source model for content; by driving the price for the end user to zero and making the information instantly accessible on the Internet, there is no future for printed or CD$-$based encyclopedias.

a$.$ What are the general take$-$aways in regards to innovation as driver of competition?

b$.$ How can existing firms respond to disruptions in their industry?