This example explores consolidation settlement in normally consolidated clay for the no groundwater encroachment case. Find the settlement due to consolidation of a $3m3m$ column foundation with a load of $200kN.$ The foundation is placed $1m$ below the top surface, and the clay layer is $9m$ thick. There is a sand layer underneath the clay layer. The specific weight of the clay layer is $18k\frac{N}{m^3},$ the compression index, $C_c,$ of the clay layer is $0\mathrm{.}32,$ and the initial void ratio, $e_0,$ of the clay is $0\mathrm{.}80.$ Assume that the pressure is distributed at a $2$:$1$ ratio, and the clay is normally consolidated. See the $14\mathrm{.}4$ Total Primary Consolidation and Fig. $14\mathrm{.}15$ below for some additional background on primary consolidation for this problem. See Fig. $14\mathrm{.}17$ for a visual of footing placement and soil strata with metric dimensions.

$14\mathrm{.}4$ Total Primary Consolidation

When a clay layer is loaded, as we learned in the previous section starts to consolidate and settle. See Fig. $14\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}5$

Figurc $,.$IJ snanuw ruunuation on clay soil $($properties of midsectic

Settlement due to total primary consolidation in normally conse dated clay is given by the following equation. Please note that norm. consolidated clays have never been subjected to a higher stress they have now.

$H=H\frac{C_c}{1+e_0}log(\frac{(p_0^{\text{'}}+p)}{p_0^{\text{'}}})$