Thoroughly read the process description below, and identify all the inefficiencies you can (10 points). What kinds of waste you can spot from your findings (7 points).

There are various lines of utilities underground, including telecommunications and fiber-optic lines, gas pipelines, water pipes, sewer pipes, etc. These lines are locate at different depths and coordinates across the towns. When a pipe needs repair, the crew must start digging the ground to reach to that specific pipe. Since it can be costly to hit other buried lines meanwhile, there is a service provider called BC 1 Call, to call and ask for maps of existing utility lines underground. When an excavation must take place, the excavation company usually calls BC 1 Call and inquiries about the utility owner companies which may have some utility lines in that specific area of the town which is supposed to be dogged soon. As per stats, not all excavations are accompanied by a former call, and thus can happen blindly and resulting in a hit to some utility lines that could have been preventable if they had called BC 1 beforehand. Also, not all utility owners have provided the

BADM 202- LEC-T3-20-01 Assignment 3 Deadline: Sept 10 2020- 6:00 PM

map of their lines to BC 1 Call, and therefore some calls may result in no helpful data to the excavation company. On the other hand, for the companies that have provided information, usually tens of pages of maps are provided, most of which are unnecessary and confusing to the excavation company. Besides, since the location of utility lines may change over time, some excavations companies claim that some of the maps provided by BC 1 Call are useless or inaccurate. Another observation is that some excavation companies wait for a few days and never hear back from BC 1 with supply of info they request for, and that can be costly to those of them who have already paid for excavation equipment rentals while not being able to use them. Sometimes while a crew may learn about exact location of some pipelines during an excavation, they never bother to share their findings back with the utility owner or BC 1 call, and neither may communicate their findings with the next crew from the same organization who may need to do the next round of digging.