Tim Long's first year as unit supervisor for a local manufacturer was quite a

challenge. To encourage his subordinates to meet unit and company goals, he

instituted quality circles. These circles were then enabled to directly affect unit

operations. Tim's managerial attitude reflects the assumptions underlying

the expectancy theory.

the equity theory.

reinforcement.

Theory $Y.$

Theory $x.$

New employees at Disney World in Orlando spend their first several days learning

what it means to be a "cast member" by studying the traditions that are Disney. This

is called

pre$-$employment testing.

recruitment.

internal recruitment.

an orientation process.

compensation.