type and explained answer required

(a) Consider the following program in an Algol-like language: procedure int f(int x, int y) = begin x := x + 5; y := y + 8; return (x + y) end; int u := 4; int v := -2; print (u + v + f(u, v)); i. What does the program print under call by reference? ii. What does it print under call by value? iii. What does it print under call by value result? Explain your answers