Using the information below --- CALCULATE THE PRODUCTIVITY (preferably using Excel). Use single factor productivity, multi factor productivity, or both.

Green Manufacturing and Sustainability at Frito-Lay used. able fuel. Frito-Lay, the multi-billion-dollar snack food giant, requires moisture from potato slices to recapture the water and to reduce vast amounts of water, electricity, natural gas, and fuel to pro- the amount of heat needed to cook the potato chips are also being duce its 41 well-known brands. In keeping with growing envi- ronmental concerns, Frito-Lay has initiated ambitious plans Frito-Lay has also built over 50 acres of solar concentra- to produce environmentally friendly snacks. But even envi- tors behind its Modesto, California, plant to generate solar ronmentally friendly snacks require resources. Recognizing power. The solar power is being converted into heat and used the environmental impact, the firm is an aggressive green to cook Sun Chips. A biomass boiler, which will burn agricul- manufacturer," with major initiatives in resource reduction and tural waste, is also planned to provide additional renew- sustainability. For instance, the company's energy management program Frito-Lay is installing high-tech filters that recycle most of the includes a variety of elements designed to engage employees in water used to rinse and wash potatoes. It also recycles corn by- reducing energy consumption. These elements include scorecards products to make Doritos and other snacks; starch is reclaimed and customized action plans that empower employees and recog. and sold, primarily as animal feed, and leftover sludge is burned nize their achievements to create methane gas to run the plant boiler. At Frito-Lay's factory in Casa Grande, Arizona, more than There are benefits besides the potential energy savings. Like 500,000 pounds of potatoes arrive every day to be washed, sliced, many other large corporations, Frito-Lay is striving to estab- fried, seasoned, and portioned into bags of Lay's and Ruffles lish its green credentials as consumers become more focused on chips. The process consumes enormous amounts of energy and environmental issues. There are marketing opportunities, too. creates vast amounts of wastewater, starch, and potato peelings. The company, for example, advertises that its popular Sun Chips Frito-Lay plans to take the plant off the power grid and run it snacks are made using solar energy. almost entirely on renewable fuels and recycled water. The man- At Frito-Lay's Florida plant, only 3.5% of the waste goes to agers at the Casa Grande plant have also installed skylights in landfills, but that is still 1.5 million pounds annually. The goal conference rooms, offices, and a finished goods warehouse is zero waste to landfills. The snack food maker earned its spot to reduce the need for artificial light. More fuel-efficient ovens in the National Environmental Performance Task Program by recapture heat from exhaust stacks. Vacuum hoses that pull maintaining a sustained environmental compliance record and making new commitments to reduce, reuse, and recycle at this Discussion Questions* facility. 1. What are the sources of pressure on firms such as Frito-Lay to Substantial resource reductions have been made in the produc- reduce their environmental footprint? tion process, with an energy reduction of 21% across Frito-Lay's 2. Identify the specific techniques that Frito-Lay is using to 34 U.S. plants. But the continuing battle for resource reduction become a "green manufacturer." continues. The company is also moving toward biodegradable 3. Select another company and compare its green policies to those packaging and seasoning bags and cans and bottles. While these of Frito-Lay. multiyear initiatives are expensive, they have the backing at the highest levels of Frito-Lay as well as corporate executives at PepsiCo, the parent company