Was There a Fair Hearing? Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)79 A woman was...
Fantastic news! We've Found the answer you've been seeking!
Question:
Transcribed Image Text:
Was There a Fair Hearing? Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)79 A woman was ordered deported. She applied, on humanitarian and compassionate grounds, for an exemption from the rule that an application for permanent residency had to be made from outside of Canada. Her application was supported by letters about the availability of medical care in her home country and the effect of her depar- ture on her Canadian-born children. An immigration officer refused her application by letter, without providing reasons for his decision. The Supreme Court indicated that the duty of procedural fairness is flexible and vari- able. The extent of the duty depends on several factors, including the nature of the deci- sion (the more an administrative tribunal is designed like a court, the higher the duty of fairness), the relevant legislation (greater procedural fairness is required if there is no appeal process, the decision is determinative/final, and there are no further requests that can be made of the tribunal), the importance of the decision to the individual affected (the higher the stakes, the higher the requirement of fairness), and the procedure fol- lowed in making it (legitimate expectations of the party[ies] regarding the level of proce- dural fairness that ought to be part of the decision-making process). Here the claimant had to have an opportunity to present evidence and to have it fully and fairly considered. An oral hearing was not required; the chance to provide written documentation was suf- ficient. Written notes prepared by a junior officer that were provided to the claimant's lawyer were a sufficient explanation of the decision. The claimant was successful, how- ever, because these notes gave rise to a reasonable apprehension of bias. The decision appeared to be based on the fact that the claimant was a single mother with several children and had been diagnosed with a psychiatric illness. This was inappropriate; deci- sions of this nature should instead be made impartially, based on the evidence. The Court ordered that another hearing be held in front of a different immigration officer. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Are the standards imposed on administrative tribunals too onerous? Should the courts ever have the power to interfere with the operation of statutory tribunals in the execu- tion of their function? Should such tribunals remain unfettered from the restrictions of rules and procedures found in the court process? What do you think? Was There a Fair Hearing? Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)79 A woman was ordered deported. She applied, on humanitarian and compassionate grounds, for an exemption from the rule that an application for permanent residency had to be made from outside of Canada. Her application was supported by letters about the availability of medical care in her home country and the effect of her depar- ture on her Canadian-born children. An immigration officer refused her application by letter, without providing reasons for his decision. The Supreme Court indicated that the duty of procedural fairness is flexible and vari- able. The extent of the duty depends on several factors, including the nature of the deci- sion (the more an administrative tribunal is designed like a court, the higher the duty of fairness), the relevant legislation (greater procedural fairness is required if there is no appeal process, the decision is determinative/final, and there are no further requests that can be made of the tribunal), the importance of the decision to the individual affected (the higher the stakes, the higher the requirement of fairness), and the procedure fol- lowed in making it (legitimate expectations of the party[ies] regarding the level of proce- dural fairness that ought to be part of the decision-making process). Here the claimant had to have an opportunity to present evidence and to have it fully and fairly considered. An oral hearing was not required; the chance to provide written documentation was suf- ficient. Written notes prepared by a junior officer that were provided to the claimant's lawyer were a sufficient explanation of the decision. The claimant was successful, how- ever, because these notes gave rise to a reasonable apprehension of bias. The decision appeared to be based on the fact that the claimant was a single mother with several children and had been diagnosed with a psychiatric illness. This was inappropriate; deci- sions of this nature should instead be made impartially, based on the evidence. The Court ordered that another hearing be held in front of a different immigration officer. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Are the standards imposed on administrative tribunals too onerous? Should the courts ever have the power to interfere with the operation of statutory tribunals in the execu- tion of their function? Should such tribunals remain unfettered from the restrictions of rules and procedures found in the court process? What do you think?
Expert Answer:
Answer rating: 100% (QA)
No the standards imposed on adminstrative tribunals are not too onerous as it is only bound by princ... View the full answer
Related Book For
Dynamic Business Law The Essentials
ISBN: 978-0078023842
3rd edition
Authors: Nancy K. Kubasek, M. Neil Browne, Daniel J. Herron, Lucien Dhooge Sue
Posted Date:
Students also viewed these economics questions
-
The U.S. Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services collects and reports information about naturalized persons in Statistical Yearbook. Following is an age distribution for persons naturalized...
-
The U.S. Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services collects and reports information about naturalized persons in Statistical Yearbook. The following table gives a joint probability distribution...
-
The U.S. Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services collects and reports information about naturalized persons in Statistical Yearbook. Suppose that a naturalized person is selected at random....
-
Alpha Mann Ltd makes and sells computer carry bags. Bill Blake, the company accountant, is responsible for preparing the company's annual budget. In compiling the budget data for next year, Blake has...
-
Four years ago Sierra Instruments of Monterey, California spent $200,000 for equipment to manufacture standard gas flow calibrators. The equipment was depreciated by MACRS using a 3-year recovery...
-
What is 4365 - 3412 when these values represent signed 12-bit octal numbers stored in sign-magnitude format? The result should be written in octal. Show your work.
-
The accounting records for Airborne Services, Corp., contain the following amounts on December 31,2010. The accounts appear in no particular order. Prepare the trial balance for Airborne Services at...
-
Refer to the information in Problem and assume the periodic inventory system is used. In Problem Warnerwoods Company uses a perpetual inventory system. It entered into the following purchases and...
-
a. In today's experiment, what is the complex whose equilibrium constant you will calculate? What is the color of the complex? b. Whenever we want to use a spectrophotometer to measure a solution's...
-
Darcelle teaches skiing at the Snow School. Jack runs a ski shop called Up Hill, Down Hill. Their combined bank interest is $1,000. If they get a refund, they would like the money deposited into...
-
For a second order measurement system with a damping factor 0.42, the natural frequency of oscillation is 25 Hz. Determine the dynamic error and time lag at frequency input of 10 Hz. Also find these...
-
J.M. Smucker included the following information in its April 2019 10-K. $ millions Apr. 30, 2019 Apr. 30, 2018 Sales $7,994.8 Depreciation expense 210.1 Land 124.5 $122.5 Buildings and fixtures...
-
The environment in which reverse logistics has to be managed is vastly different from the forward logistics environment. Forward logistics works off sales and marketing forecasts to plan the optimal...
-
2a+1+2a- Ifx 2a+1-2a-1' prove that x2-4ax+1=0
-
you have read about two types of competitive advantage: sustained and temporary. For this forum, find a company that carries both types of advantages and discuss how these contribute to this...
-
Demonstrate subnetting using Class C IP addressing by creating a scenario in Cisco Packet Tracer software.
-
Problem 1 You are given an integer array A and two integers i and j. You can assume that i j and that A is large enough to include A[i] and A[j]. Write a recursive function that determines the...
-
The Strahler Stream Order System ranks streams based on the number of tributaries that have merged. It is a top-down system where rivers of the first order are the headwaters (aka outermost...
-
In 2008, a lawyer for Mutual Life Insurance e-mailed Dr. Miles regarding the settlement of a lawsuit that he had filed against the insurance company. The e-mail that the attorney sent contained...
-
Plaintiff prose Wilfredo A. Golez (Golez) filed a motion to compel the work attendance records of two former coworkers who are not parties to the instant litigation. Golez states that he requires the...
-
An investor brought suit against an architect after the investor lost $600,000 in a failed project. To develop the project, a real estate empire in Chicago, an LLC, the Burnham Station, was created...
-
Consider a single-degree-of-freedom system with Coulomb damping (which offers a constant friction force, \(F_{c}\) ). Derive an expression for the force transmissibility when the mass is subjected to...
-
Consider a single-degree-of-freedom system with Coulomb damping (which offers a constant friction force, \(F_{c}\) ). Derive expressions for the absolute and relative displacement transmissibilities...
-
When a washing machine, of mass \(200 \mathrm{~kg}\) and an unbalance \(0.02 \mathrm{~kg}\) - \(\mathrm{m}\), is mounted on an isolator, the isolator deflects by \(5 \mathrm{~mm}\) under the static...
Study smarter with the SolutionInn App