WHAT S CRYPTOGRAPHY? Cryptography is a specialized field within computer science and information security, revolving around the practice and study of techniques ensuring secure communication. The primary goal of cryptography is to protect sensitive information during transmission, making it inaccessible to unauthorized parties. This is achieved through the use of mathematical algorithms that encrypt and decrypt data, rendering it unreadable to anyone without the proper decryption key. One fundamental aspect of cryptography involves the creation and management of cryptographic keys. These keys serve as the foundation for encrypting and decrypting data. In many cryptographic systems, a pair of keys is used: a public key for encryption that is widely shared, and a private key for decryption that is kept confidential. This dual$-$key system enhances the security of communication by allowing secure data exchange, even if the public key is known to others. Moreover, cryptography is a dynamic field that continually evolves to address emerging challenges and threats. With the advent of quantum computing, for instance, researchers are exploring new cryptographic techniques resistant to quantum attacks. The application of cryptography extends beyond traditional communication security and encompasses various areas, such as securing digital transactions, authenticating users, and safeguarding sensitive information in storage. In essence, cryptography plays a pivotal role in fortifying the foundations of digital trust and privacy in our interconnected world.