When a sample measurement falls inside the control limits$,$ it means that

a$.$ the process output exceeds the requirements

b$.$ the process is in control

c$.$ the process limits cannot be determined statistically

"Quality is defined by the customer" is

a$.$ an unrealistic definition of quality

b$.$ a manufacturing$-$based definition of quality

c$.$ a user$-$based definition of quality

d$.$ a product$-$based definition of quality

A manager at a textile factory has noticed that about $40\%$ of the defects result from human error,

$25\%$ result from impurities in the raw materials, $20\%$ from machine breakdown, and $15\%$ from

the cleaning process of the production area. This manager is most likely using

a$.$ a Pareto chart

b$.$ a scatter diagram

c$.$ a flowchart

d$.$ a cause$-$and$-$effect diagram

A manager tells her production employees: "It's no longer good enough that your work falls

anywhere within the specification limits$.$ I need your work to be as close to the target value as

possible." Her thinking is reflective of

a$.$ Benchmarking

b$.$ Six Sigma

c$.$ ISO $9000$

d$.$ Taguchi concepts

Which one is not a member of the seven concepts of total quality management?

a$.$ Six Sigma

b$.$ Just$-$in$-$time

c$.$ Employee empowerment

d$.$ International quality standards