When confronted with a decision, managers should utilize which includes these four questions: $"$Is the proposed action legal? If yes, does the proposed action maximize shareholder value? If yes, is the proposed action ethical? If no$,$ would it be ethical to take the proposed action?"

Bagley's ethical decision tree

the stakeholder's value statement

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

the Sarbanes$-$Oxley Act of $2002$