Which statement best describes the relationship between network effects and innovation?

a$.$

More often than not, network effects limit innovation

b$.$

Network effects decrease innovation within a standard but increase the number of innovative offerings that compete against a strongly established standard.

c$.$

Network effects increase innovation within a standard but decrease the number of innovative offerings that compete against a strongly established standard.

d$.$

Network effects and innovation do not affect one another.

e$.$

More often than not, network effects foster innovation