Why was/is the 14^th Amendment so important to advancement of women & minorities in policing?

		It provides them a voice in government through the right to vote
		It provides the right to free speach
		It provides the protection of self-incrimination
		It provides the equal protection clause

Neiderhoffer identified three Officer types based on plausible adaptations to occupational cynicism. Which did he call the officer who did not agree with either side, the organization or the subculture beliefs, so he/she stays distant; becoming a "Lone Wolf".

		Professional Officer
		Anomic Officer
		Corrupt Officer
		Cynical Officer

1. Which is not a true statement regarding organizational concerns for the high use of discretion:

   		There is a potential for the inequitable distribution of the law
   		There is a potential for abuse of authority & threat of corruption
   		It is believed that over use of discretion could dilute the deterrent value of a law.
   		It is easier to supervise and monitor officers when the high use of discretion is allowed

Which of the following are characteristic(s) of an individual officer that may affect their decision making?

		age
		gender
		educational level
		all of the above

Police ___________ is the process by which police recruits learn a set of values, skills, attitudes and behaviors necessary to perform the job of policing.

		discretion
		discrimination
		corruption
		socialization

Supporters of college education requirements for police officers argue that higher educational standards will do all of the following except:

		Improve the retention rates of Police Officers
		Improve an officer's communication skills
		Improve Officer sensitivity to citizens and special concerns
		Improve Officer's general demeanor and initiative