Work Analysis and Design

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Question1. Estimating Your Metabolism (25 points) Please show all your calculation processes. (a) Estimate your basal metabolism for 24 hours (Kcal/day). (10 points) (b) Using the following table, estimate your daily activity metabolism (Kcal/day). (10 points) ERM The following energy expenditure rates are assumed to be for a person who weighs 72 kg (160 lb). If a person's weigh differs from 72 kg (160 lb), then an adjustment should be made by multiplying the ER value in the table by the ratio W/72 or W/160. Physical Activity Sleeping BSLMET Standing (not walking) 2.2 kcal/min Walking at 4.5 km/hr 4 kcal/min Jogging at 7.2 km/hr 7.5 kcal/min Soldering work (seated) 2.7 kcal/min Mowing lawn (push mower) 8.3 kcal/min Chopping wood 8 kcal/min Shoveling in front of furnace 10 kcal/min . (c) Estimate your digestive metabolism (Kcal/day). (5 points) METABOLISM The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of an individual depends on the person's weight, gender, and age, as well as other factors such as heredity and percentage of the body fat. Use the following values for weight and gender, and then apply an age correction to these values. Note that the values are BMR : . For a 20-year-old male, BMR/h/kg = 1.0 kcal/hr/kg of body weight . For a 20-year-old female, BMR/h/kg = 0.9 kcal/hr/kg of body weight As a person ages, basal metabolism rate declines, so the age correction is to subtract 2% from the preceding values for each decade above 20 years. = 16 METABOLISM . = Example: Determine the daily basal metabolism rate for a 35-year-old woman who weighs 59 kg. Solution: She is 1.5 decades older than 20 years, the age correction is 1.5(0.02) = 0.03. The adjusted BMR/h/kg value is 0.9(1 0.03) = 0.873 kcal/hr per kg. Her weight = 59 kg. BMR/h = 0.873*59 = 51.507 kcal/hr BMR/m = 51.507 / 60 = 0.86 kcal/min For 24 hours, BMR, = 51.507(24) = 1236 kcal/day = . = = = METABOLISM The daily rate of digestive metabolism is estimated to be about 10% of the combined rate of the basal and activity metabolism. - DMR= 0.1(BMR + AMR d) = Biochemical Reactions in Metabolism: The liberation of chemical energy from food begins in the digestive tract where large food molecules are reconstructed into smaller molecules that can be used for metabolism. Food categories: Carbohydrates (4 kcal/g) - converted into glucose and glycogen - Primary source of energy muscle Proteins (4 kcal/g) - converted into amino acids - building Lipids (9 kcal/g) - converted into fatty acids (acetic acid and glycerol) - building, energy storage Example: Total Daily Metabolic Rate . 35-year old woman who weighs 59 kg - Sleeps 8 hours - Walks to and from work for 1 hour at 4.5 km/hr Stands for 2 hours Performs soldering work for 6 hours while seated - Watches TV and rests for 7 hr (1.5 kcal/min) Determine her total metabolic rate for 24-hour period 25 Example: Total Daily Metabolic Rate Activity Time ER Total energy Sleeping 480 min Weight factor (no correction) 59/72 = 0.82 413 kcal Walking 60 min 197 kcal Standing 120 min 59/72 = 0.82 216 kcal 0.86 kcal/min 4.0 kcal/min 2.2 kcal/min 2.7 kcal/min 1.5 kcal/min Soldering work 360 min 59/72 = 0.82 797 kcal Other activities 420 min 59/72 = 0.82 516 kcal 1440 min BMR + AMR= 0.10(BMRd + AMRd) = 2,139 kcal 214 kcal Digestive metabolism TMR = 2,352 kcal 26