Write out the put$-$call parity formula for a firm's stock, debt, and assets. How do the determinants of

an option's value impact the present value of the firm's financial distress costs? Provide intuition for the

direction of the impact of each of these variables.

Your answer should discuss each of the following points:

$($a$)$ Write down the equation for put$-$call parity for a levered firm.

$($b$)$ Tell me why the value of the put is informative about the financial distress costs of the firm.

$($c$)$ Tell me how the value of the financial distress costs of the firm is affected by the determinants of

an option's value $($spot price, strike price, volatility, and time to expiration$).$

$($d$)$ Provide intuition as to the direction of effect of each of these variables.