You and your team work as educational researchers. You want to know the effect of having...
Fantastic news! We've Found the answer you've been seeking!
Question:
Transcribed Image Text:
You and your team work as educational researchers. You want to know the effect of having in-class pizza parties on 5th grade student achievement on end-of-year testing results (T = 0 means no pizza parties and T = 1 means they had pizza parties). Your prior theory/causal story is that pizza parties encourage students to continue o learn and not grow weary of the testing grind; students who do not have pizza parties grow weary of test prep and perform worse on the actual test. Your team uses two approaches to find the magnitude of the treatment effect: 1. You survey 1,000 classes in a large number of schools and find those that have had pizza parties (T= 1) and those who have not (T = 0). You then compare the average test scores across the two groups. 2. You randomly assign 1,000 classes to either treatment or control. Those that are treated have pizza parties weekly while those that are not never have one. You compare the average test scores across the two groups. For the observational design (1), your observed treatment effect has a p-value of .0001 with a 95% confidence interval of [8,17]. For the experiment (2), your difference in means has a p-value of .9 with a confidence interval of [-2,1]. Our pre-determined "surprise" threshold is .05 and the null hypothesis for both p-values is that the ATT is zero. A. (5 Pts.) In a sentence or two, explain the results of the observational study (1) in terms of the p- value and 95% confidence interval. What is the implied sign and magnitude of the ATT? What can we say about the value of the ATT for this study? B. (5 Pts.) In a sentence or two, explain the results of the randomized experiment (2) in terms of the p-value and 95% confidence interval. What is the implied sign and magnitude of the ATT? What can we say about the value of the ATT for this study? C. (10 Pts.) Update your causal story relating to pizza parties and test scores appealing to these results. Think carefully about how the results for the randomized experiment differ from the results for the observational study. Are there any common inferential errors which could explain this result? D. (10 pts.) You present the results of your study at a conference and one attendee is underwhelmed. She believes that the results of your experiment are still too noisy and the result should be large and confidently positive. You have some additional money in your research coffers. What action can you take to deal with the editor's concerns? Why? E. (10 pts.) A school booster (who has taken an intro stats class but didn't attend all of the lectures) looks at these results and says "These studies provide definitive proof that pizza parties have zero effect on test scores! Instead of spending money making sure that students have fun lunches in class, we should spend that money on a new hockey rink for the hockey team." In a sentence or two, give one reason why the results of these studies do not support this claim. You and your team work as educational researchers. You want to know the effect of having in-class pizza parties on 5th grade student achievement on end-of-year testing results (T = 0 means no pizza parties and T = 1 means they had pizza parties). Your prior theory/causal story is that pizza parties encourage students to continue o learn and not grow weary of the testing grind; students who do not have pizza parties grow weary of test prep and perform worse on the actual test. Your team uses two approaches to find the magnitude of the treatment effect: 1. You survey 1,000 classes in a large number of schools and find those that have had pizza parties (T= 1) and those who have not (T = 0). You then compare the average test scores across the two groups. 2. You randomly assign 1,000 classes to either treatment or control. Those that are treated have pizza parties weekly while those that are not never have one. You compare the average test scores across the two groups. For the observational design (1), your observed treatment effect has a p-value of .0001 with a 95% confidence interval of [8,17]. For the experiment (2), your difference in means has a p-value of .9 with a confidence interval of [-2,1]. Our pre-determined "surprise" threshold is .05 and the null hypothesis for both p-values is that the ATT is zero. A. (5 Pts.) In a sentence or two, explain the results of the observational study (1) in terms of the p- value and 95% confidence interval. What is the implied sign and magnitude of the ATT? What can we say about the value of the ATT for this study? B. (5 Pts.) In a sentence or two, explain the results of the randomized experiment (2) in terms of the p-value and 95% confidence interval. What is the implied sign and magnitude of the ATT? What can we say about the value of the ATT for this study? C. (10 Pts.) Update your causal story relating to pizza parties and test scores appealing to these results. Think carefully about how the results for the randomized experiment differ from the results for the observational study. Are there any common inferential errors which could explain this result? D. (10 pts.) You present the results of your study at a conference and one attendee is underwhelmed. She believes that the results of your experiment are still too noisy and the result should be large and confidently positive. You have some additional money in your research coffers. What action can you take to deal with the editor's concerns? Why? E. (10 pts.) A school booster (who has taken an intro stats class but didn't attend all of the lectures) looks at these results and says "These studies provide definitive proof that pizza parties have zero effect on test scores! Instead of spending money making sure that students have fun lunches in class, we should spend that money on a new hockey rink for the hockey team." In a sentence or two, give one reason why the results of these studies do not support this claim.
Expert Answer:
Related Book For
Microeconomics An Intuitive Approach with Calculus
ISBN: 978-0538453257
1st edition
Authors: Thomas Nechyba
Posted Date:
Students also viewed these accounting questions
-
A researcher wants to know the effect of four different types of fertilizers on the mean number of tomatoes produced. He wants to estimate the treatment means 1, 2, 3, and 4 such that he will be 90%...
-
In a disk jukebox, what would be the effect of having more open files than the number of drives in the jukebox?
-
The Comer Frame Shop wants to know the effect of different inventory costing methods on its financial statements. Inventory and purchases data for June are: (Click the icon to view the inventory and...
-
PIM Industries, Inc., manufactures electronics components. Each unit costs $30 before the final test. The final test rejects, on average, 5 percent of the 50,000 units manufactured per year. The...
-
Of the pricing techniques described in this chapter, which one do you think is most commonly used by small businesses? Why?
-
For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022, a companys total debt was $54.51 billion and total shareholder's equity was $81.45 billion. Based on these figures, the debt-to-equity ratio is .67. What...
-
What makes indirect benefits so difficult to include in a CBA? What techniques might be used?
-
Endnote Enterprises entered into the following transactions during 2015: 1. Sold merchandise for $52,000 in cash. 2. Purchased a parcel of land. The company paid $12,000 in cash and issued a $30,000...
-
Greg Quigley earned $5489 last year. There is no SUTA tax rate where he lives. How much FUTA tax must Greg's company pay for him if FUTA tax is currently 6.2% of the first $7000 earned by the...
-
Harbor Solutions Inc. (HSI) is a U.S. publicly traded company with headquarters in Boston, MA, and a June 30 year-end. HSI provides insurance claims processing solutions to businesses. In addition to...
-
Determine I lo and VCE for the circuit in Figure P4.1 using R= 10 kf, Re= 1 kf, Vcc= 5 V, and B-40 for each of the following values of Vsa. State the mode of operation for the BJT in each case. (a)...
-
18. Jessica decides to open a food truck selling falafel on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus. She secures a 3- year, fully amortizing loan for $21,000 from the bank; the interest rate on...
-
You have been provided the following two statements, Statement of Financial Position (SOFP), Statement of Comprehensive Income (SOCI) and some additional information of MRL for the year ended 31...
-
Beethoven's Piano Rebuilding Company has been operating for one year. On January 1, at the start of its second year, its income statement accounts had zero balances and its balance sheet account...
-
Joe's Bikes had sales totaling $259,023 last year. The cost of the goods sold was $169,401. Expenses totaled $68,037. What was the net profit margin for the year?
-
A Statement of financial position for Lustre and Pressman, prepared on March 31, appears below. Partners share earnings and losses in the ratio of 3:1, respectively. Lustre and Pressman Statement of...
-
L company's market required return appears to be 10%. The dividend just paid is $1.50. L company's dividend growth rate for the next five years is 13%. L company expects dividend growth for years 6...
-
Suppose that fraction used = / 1.0 + 0.1Mt. for some parameter 1. Write the discrete-time dynamical system and solve for the equilibrium. Sketch a graph of the equilibrium as a function of ....
-
Children, Parents, Baby Booms and Baby Busts: Economists often think of parents and children trading with one another across time. When children are young, parents take care of children; but when...
-
Any good Southern breakfast includes grits (which my wife loves) and bacon (which I love). Suppose we allocate $60 per week to consumption of grits and bacon, that grits cost $2 per box and bacon...
-
In our development of producer theory, we have found it convenient to assume that the production technology is homothetic. A: In each of the following, assume that the production technology you face...
-
Explain the building blocks of accounting: ethics, principles, and assumptions.
-
On May 1, 2025, Park Flying School Ltd., a company that provides flying lessons, was started with an investment of 45,000 cash in the business. Following are the assets and liabilities of the company...
-
The historical cost basis results in: a. initially recording assets at cost and adjusting when the current value changes. b. keeping activities of an entity separate and distinct from its owner. c....
Study smarter with the SolutionInn App