You can make certain exceptions to using the inductive approach when delivering bad news. When is it acceptable to place a refusal in the first line or opening of a message? Check all that apply.

The refusal will significantly impact the progress of the receiver's project.

The message is the second response to a repeated request.

The sender intends to "shake" the receiver.

The sender$-$recipient relationship is very close and longstanding.

The request is clearly immoral, unethical, dangerous, or ridiculous.