Practical Seismic Data Analysis 1st Edition Hua-Wei Zhou - Solutions

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The U.S. Eximbank is the largest U.S. export financing agency. Explore http://www.exim.gov to see how its pro- grams benefit U.S. exporters.
Take a self-guided tour from a Canadian perspective of an international trade transaction at http://www. rbeglobalservices.com/tmt/trade/services.html.
Research the availability and requirements of the Small Business Administration's Trade Finance Program at http://www.sba.gov/oit.
Select a country and research the documentary requirements for the importation of goods into that country. Such information can be obtained from the following sources: (1) U.S. Department of Commerce; (2) foreign government Web sites, especially consulate sites: (3) Bureau of National Affairs
You are unsure of what trade term to use in negotiating an export contract. You are willing to be responsible for the loading and shipping costs to the port of destination, along with the cost of unloading, but do not want to be responsible for import and customs clearance. What INCOTERM would best
A foreign buyer negotiates with a foreign exporter for goods to be shipped out of a foreign port. To protect itself from fraud in the transaction, the buyer requires that the exporter provide an inspection certificate as one of the documents to be presented for payment. When the docu ments were
An export contract required that the seller provide: "A full set of 3 original clean on-board bills of lading." Instead, the seller presented a full set of 3 clean on-board hills of lading but only one was marked "Original." The other two bills of lading were marked "Duplicate" and "Triplicate."
You are a manufacturer of precision industrial tools and parts based in Ithaca, New York. You have been con- tacted by a manufacturer in Budapest, Hungary, to begin supplying it with an assortment of your products. Using INCOTERMS, prepare a pro forma invoice with three dif ferent shipping options.
You are the purchasing agent for a US luggage man- ufacturer. You are asked to outsource some of the com- ponents, including steel strips used in the fabrication of the structural frames of the larger pieces of luggage. Your company's manufacturing plant is located in Peoria, Illinois. Your
A buyer and seller entered into a contract for the sale of widgets "CIF Omaha." A further provision stated that delivery was to be at a "factory in Omaha, Tulsa, or Kansas City, to be designated by the buyer." The widgets were lost in transit. The buyer refused to pay on the pres entation of the
Select a country and research its sales law by using the Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute at http://www.law.cornell.edu. Select "Law by Source or Jurisdiction" and then "Law from Around the World."
Review how Islamic law deals with sale of goods and commercial law. See Centre of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies at http://www.soas.ac.uk/Centres/ Islamic Law/Materials.html.
Review the latest revision to Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code to see if any changes make it more similar or dissimilar to the CISG. You can use Comparative Law: Selective Comparison of CISG and UCC, page 260, to look up relevant sections. The recent revised drafts of Article 2 can be
Review the purchase order in Exhibit 8.1 and answer the following questions: (a) Why is payment by "Irrevocable LOC? What does LOC signify? (b) What is the importance of the term "Cash Against Documents"? Is this considered to he advance payment or payment through a documentary transaction? (c) Of
The European Union has a directive pertaining to warranties in consumer transactions. Compare the selected provisions of Directive 99/44/EC with the warranty provi- sions found in the UCC and CISG. Note that the European word for "warranty" is guaranter
A business manager who corresponds with numerous contacts in the international business world sends letters and faxes to agents, customers, suppliers, distributors, lenders, and many others. Most U.S. businesspeople have been educated to believe that they would expose their companies to liability
(A) As a seller and exporter of goods, you are negoti ating a long-term (three-year) installment contract. Because of the length of the contract, an open price term needs to be negotiated. Write a clause that anticipates the risks involved in entering a long-term supply contract. What cost factors
It provides that an offer cannot be revoked "if it indicates that it is irrevocable or if it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance on the offer." Do you see any significant differences between these two versions of the firm offer
Section 2-205 of the Uniform Commercial Code pro vides an exception to the rule that an offeror is the "master of the offer" or has a right to revoke the offer at any time. It provides that "an offer given by a merchant in a signed writing which gives assurance that it will be held open is not
How do courts determine which national laws apply a given case?
In many transactions involving technology transfer, the contract provides for the sale of both goods and services. Does the CISG apply to such contracts?
Compare the Uniform Commercial Code's treat- ment of anticipatory repudiation and adequate assurance in Sectoins 2-609 and 2-610 with the CISG's treatment in Articles 71-73. Can you find any significant differences?
Review the site of the Commission on European Contracts for recent developments on the principles of European contract law at http://www.storme.be/ PECL2en.html.
For a more extensive review of the Russian Civil Code see: http://www.russianembassy.org/RUSSIA/ civil code.htm.
Read the "overview" of the Council of Europe, along with the different subject areas within the organization and associated links: http://www.coe.int.
For a good review and explanation of Chinese com- mercial law, see http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/china.laws/.
Review the European Commission's home page for Consumer Affairs at http://europa.eu.int/comm/ consumers/index_en.html. What types of consumerprotection initiatives has the EU undertaken? What areas in the subject index would be a concern for an interna- tional businessperson?
Review and compare the United Kingdom Depart ment of Trade and Industry English unfair terms in consumer contracts regulations at http://www.hmso.gov. uk/si/si1999/19992083.htm/ with the European Union Directive on Unfair Contract Terms at http://europa.
Review the Bojangles, Plas, Min, and SA Pasquary cases on preliminary agreements and culpa in contrahendo and answer the following questions: What could the party being sued have done differently to avoid liability? Would your answer be different under U.S. as compared with civil law?
Two firms work together to prepare a complex bid for a buyer. One firm (Company A) drops the other (Company B) before getting the bid. After working for some time on specifications, negotiating with the buyer, and being chosen as a final candidate for the job, Company A told Company B that it was
Justice Cardozo noted a profound change in the law of contracts and the reduced role of formality as a requirement for contractual liability in the following quote: "The law has outgrown its primitive stage of for- malism when the precise word was the talisman, and every slip was fatal. It takes a
You have completed an export contract and need to ship goods from Miami, Florida, to Buenos Aires, Argentina. Determine which shipping lines are available for such a shipment and research the documentation needed for such a shipment. See the following Web sites: http://www.mglobal.com (Maritime
Research the customs laws of Japan and compare them to those of the United States. To compare the customs laws of another country see the Web site for Japanese Customs at http://www.customs.go.jp/ index_e.htm.
You are an importer of synthetic sails used for recre ational sailboats. You import the sails from the People's Republic of China. Look at the Harmonized Tariff Schedule to determine the rate of duty that will be charged for the sails. The HTS can be accessed at http://
Export controls remain a controversial topic, even in light of concerns about the proliferation of nuclear technology to Iran and North Korea and other sensitive products and information to terrorist organizations. Export controls have been criticized as inadequate to prevent hostile and
Import documentation requirements and other reg ulations imposed by foreign governments vary from country to country. It is vital that exporters be aware of the regulations that apply to their own operations and transactions. Many governments, for instance, require consular invoices, certificates
William C. Dart sought to overturn a decision by the Secretary of Commerce imposing civil sanctions for violations of the Export Administration Act. The act precludes judicial review of such fines under its so-called finality clause. What are the competing concerns of the person fined and the
Customs classified aluminum ingots that were shipped to the United States from Canada as not of Canadian origin. The ingots contained less than 1 percent materials from countries other than Canada. Customs imposed a tariff of 0.19 percent on aluminum ingots imported from Canada. The Court of
Review recent WTO decisions that highlight the intersection between free trade and environmental issues. See, for example, http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/ -llou/wto/and http://www.worldtradelaw.net.
Read the overview of the WTO and GATT at http://www.wto.org/.
Review recent developments in the area of trade law by reviewing the following websites: http://www.jus. uio.no/Im/international.economic.law/itl.html (International Trade Law)and http://www.ita.doc.gov/ (U.S. International Trade Administration).
Ralph Nader and Lori Wallach had this to say about the World Trade Organization: "The binding provisions that define the WTO's functions and scope do not incor- porate any environmental, health, labor, or human rights considerations. There is nothing in the institutional prin- ciples of the WTO to
One can argue that regional trade areas like the European Union work like "mini-GATTS." In such sys tems, it is inevitable that national concerns and sover eignty will conflict with the free trade dictates of the union. National subsidies traditionally given to domestic agricultural industries are
How can one reconcile restrictive immigration poli- cies with the notion of free trade? Why should goods, services, and capital be allowed to move freely and not people? How do the restrictive immigration laws sanc- tioned under NAFTA compare with the EU's "Four Freedoms of goods, services,
In its Least Developed Countries Report for 2004. the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) asserts that international trade has not played a major positive role in reducing poverty in the least developed countries. As a result, UNCTAD concluded, "If past trends persist, the
How can the free trade mandate of the World Trade Organization be reconciled with the concerns of labor, environmental, and consumer groups? What is meant by the word free in the term free trade? Does free mean no restrictions on the flow of labor, capital, goods, ser- vices, and technology? Should
Review the index of the Hague Conference interna- tional conventions sponsored by the Hague Conference on Private International Law at http://hech.e-vision.nl/ index_en. php?act=conventions.listings.
Review the model arbitration and mediation clauses published by the International Chamber of Commerce at http://www.iccwbo.org/index_ court.asp.
A U.S. seller and an English purchaser of services enter into a contract for servicing heavy machinery at the purchaser's factory. The service contract included an exculpatory clause that relieved the seller of all lia- bility relating to his work. U.S. law generally enforces such clauses, and
Pursuant to a request by a foreign court, a legal alien resident of the United States is asked to testify about his activities during World War II and his immi- gration to the United States. Can he be compelled to testify against himself? Does the Fifth Amendment's privilege against
Your son has been killed in a car accident in a for- eign country. You believe a U.S. agency is holding information that may provide insight into the cause of the accident. You file a motion to compel the agency to comply with your subpoena requesting certain docu- ments. Will the court compel the
Several securities investors who were customers of a broker signed a standard agreement that included a clause requiring the arbitration of any controversies relating to their accounts. When the investments. turned sour, the investors sued the broker and the bro- ker's principal in the U.S.
Abraham Lincoln once gave this advice relating to lit igation: "Persuade your neighbors to compromise when ever they can. Point out to them how the nominal winner is often the real loser-in fees, expenses, and waste of time. As a peacemaker, the lawyer has a superior oppor tunity of being a good
Compare the Contractual Joint Venture Law of the People's Republic of Korea at http://210.145.168.243/pk/ (under "Economy click on "Foreign Trade Laws") with the Chinese Foreign Equity Joint Venture Law at http://www.qis.net/chinalaw/prclaw11.htm.
Research the status of franchising in a foreign country. A good place to start is the Web site for the International Franchise Association at http://www.franchise.org. A grow ing number of national franchise associations, along with the European Franchise Federation, can also be assessed.
Research a foreign country or countries for oppor- tunities and restrictions on the different ways of transact- ing business discussed in this chapter by using the U.S. Department of State's country commercial guides. Individual country commercial guides can be obtained at http://www.state.gov.
What are some of the issues that potential joint venture partners need to discuss in detail before entering into an agreement? Discuss some of the contractual clauses that can be incorporated into an agreement to minimize potential conflict.
What does the phrase "piercing the corporate veil" mean? When might the corporate veil be pierced? How does this philosophy compare with that of many U.S. trading partners?
Select two of the following countries: China, United States, Japan, Germany. Compare and contrast corporate law in the two countries you have selected. Discuss how corporate law reflects society's fundamental view of the role of the corporation.
Read the following articles and do a comparative analysis: Ronald J. Gilson & Mark J. Roe. "Lifetime Employment: Labor. Peace and the Evolution of Japanese Corporate Governance," 99 Columbia Law Review 508 (1999); Mark J. Roe. "German Codeter mination and German Securities Markets," 1998. Columbia
Review the Web site of Sweatshop Watch for recent developments involving the problem of low labor stan- dards in the international production of goods: http:// www.sweatshopwatch.org.
Review the Corruption Perception Index pub- lished by Transparency International at http://www. transparency.org/.
Unocal's Code of Conduct clearly prohibits the company from engaging in the conduct alleged by the plaintiffs to have occurred in the Doe Unocal Corporation litigation. However, did the alleged reten- tion of the Burmese military to provide security for the Yadana natural gas pipeline project
One of the negative by-products of the corporate ethics movement is a decrease in employee privacy. To ensure ethical compliance in the workplace and discourage misbehavior, employers have begun to monitor employee use of the company's e-mail system to discourage its use for personal purposes and
In 1971, John Rawls published his masterwork, A Theory of Justice. Simply stated, he equated justice with notions of procedural fairness. Rawlsian justice judges a decision or rule on whether it was arrived at through a process of procedural fairness. Thus, a decision is just or ethical if it was
It is currently estimated that only 13 percent of middle managers posted overseas by U.S. companies are women, even though women make up nearly half of the middle managers at these companies. What do you think are the reasons for such an imbalance? At the same time, a poll of human resources
What are the elements of an effective ethics or envi- ronmental compliance program? How would you develop an ethics or environmental compliance program that would satisfy the dictates of the federal sentencing guide lines? See Paul E. Fiorelli, "Fine Reduction Through Effective Ethics Program," 56
Lord Coke had this to say about bribery: "Though the bribe be small, yet the fault is great." Do you agree that the size of the bribe is unimportant in determining legal or ethical wrongdoing?
Your company transfers you to a foreign subsidiary as an assistant manager of operations. The purpose of the assignment is to be trained by one of the company's "top managers." Soon after arriving, you discover that the manager had instituted an unusual accounting system. You have no real evidence,
You have obtained a U.S. government grant to help train physicians in a developing country on new tech- niques for fighting AIDS. While working within the devel- oping country's Ministry of Disease Control, you have uncovered evidence that certain monies received through the International Red Cross
Your company has been trying for more than a year to obtain the assets of a formerly government-owned petroleum business. However, the approval process and review of the contract documents have been held up for months in the government bureaucracy. An official approaches your vice president of
What is the difference between a bribe and a facilita tion fee? Does it make a difference if payments or bribes are a crime in a foreign country, but laws against them are not enforced? If such payments are not considered illegal in a foreign country, is it proper to make such pay ments? From an
Devise a program for your company to ensure com- pliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. What is the importance of corporate culture to any such compli- ance program? See Daniel L. Goelzer, "Designing an FCPA Compliance Program: Minimizing the Risks of Improper Foreign Payments," 18
How can a parent company insulate itself from liability under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act for acts of its foreign subsidiaries, affiliates, and partners? See H. Lowell Brown, "Parent-Subsidiary Liability Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act," 50 Baylor Late Review (1998).
Search the Web for sites of international law firms that provide assistance to companies undertaking http://www.state.gov.
Your company manufactures a popular brand of clothing with a world-recognized trademark. You are asked to prepare a political risk report on exporting to two countries in Europe of your choosing. One country is to be a member of the European Union, and the other is not a member of the European
Review the international trade law database at http://lexmercatoria.net/. international business transactions. Some of these sites provide interesting articles and links to current develop- ments in the law of international business transactions.
Review the Web site of the World Intellectual Property Organization at http://www.wipo.int for materi- als that would be of assistance to someone contemplating the international licensing of intellectual property rights.
Review the online catalog of materials published by International Chamber of Commerce Publishing, SA, at http://www.iccbooks.com.
Review the Web site of the International Finance Corporation, the private investment arm of the World Bank, for information on the political risks of doing business in a country from the developing world: http://www.ifc.org.
Your company is contemplating exporting goods to the following countries: France, Croatia, and Nigeria. Research the following: (1) the currency of each comm try and the current conversion rate into U.S. dollars and (2) restrictions in each country pertaining to the conversion of the national
A U.S. businessperson enters into a joint venture with an Italian company in the business of manufactur ing and selling agricultural and vegetable products. The joint venture agreement gives the U.S. businesperson a 50 percent equity ownership in the joint venture. The parties also enter into a
As vice president for foreign operations of a US. multinational corporation, you have been asked to pre- pare a report for the board of directors regarding "doing business in Germany and Nigeria. Discuss the following in your report: (1) the different ways of "doing business" in foreign countries,
You are a manager at a US company that manufac tures moderately priced personal computers. The com- pany is contemplating expanding overseas with an initial emphasis on exporting to Latin America. You have been assigned the task of preparing a preliminary market analysis for the country of Brazil.
Use your own words to define predictive deconvolution. What are the assumptions, general procedure, and solution? What is the prediction error operator?
Given a data series \(\mathbf{d}(t)=\left\{d_{0}, d_{1}, d_{2}, \ldots, d_{N}\right\}\) and its estimated wavelet \(\mathbf{w}(t)=\left\{w_{0}\right.\), \(\left.w_{1}, w_{2}, \ldots, w_{M}\right\}\), how would you deconvolve \(\mathbf{w}(t)\) from \(\mathbf{d}(t)\) ? Please provide as many
Figure 6.5 shows the input and output data for a predictive deconvolution. Explain the origin of the extra events in the output panel. What will happen if random noise is added in the input?Figure 6.5 Time (s) 3 2 1000 Offset (m) 2000 3000 1000 Time (s) 2 Offset (m) 2000 3000 3 Extra events
Why do we prefer broadband data for deconvolution? How broad does the frequency band need to be?
When applying deconvolution in the frequency domain to remove the effect of a known broadening filter, any noise that came with the filter will be greatly amplified by the division. The typically small high-frequency components of the broadening filter mean there is great amplification of
Describe spectral extension in terms of its objectives, assumptions, procedure, and limitations.
Following the description of the quality factor \(Q\) in Section 4.5, compute the expressions of a \(20-\mathrm{Hz}\) Ricker wavelet at one-way traveltime of \(1 \mathrm{~s}, 2 \mathrm{~s}\), and \(3 \mathrm{~s}\) in a medium of a constant velocity of \(2 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{s}\) and a constant
In the situation of non-stationary convolution shown in Box 6.2 Figure 2, if we know the seismogram \(g(t)\), the original filter \(a(t-\tau)\), and the fact that a constant \(Q\) is a good approximation for the medium, how can we determine the \(Q\) value?Box 6.2 Figure 2 0.9 0.3 time (sec) w 0.7
Comment on the similarities of the four deconvolution results with the reflectivity function \(r(t)\) in Figure 6.13. How will you quantify the similarity? How can you quantify the solution quality in real cases for which you know only \(y(t)\) but not \(r(t)\)?Figure 6.13 r(t): Reflectivity s(t):
The four zero-mean moments (mean, variance, skewness, and varimax) have a number of applications in data processing, geo-statistics, and attribute studies. Search geophysics literature for their applications and make a spreadsheet to document these examples.
For 2D land pre-stack reflection seismic data, design processing flows to suppress noises specified below. State the type of gather, method, assumptions, and potential pitfalls or cautions.(i) Surface wave with source on the receiver line;(ii) Surface wave with source off the receiver line;(iii)
Discuss the effects of minimum phase and white noise in deconvolution. For each factor, illustrate your point using a particular deconvolution method.
Why is a deterministic processing method usually preferred over a statistical one? Are there exceptions? Please give examples to support your arguments.
Will the deconvolution method be applicable to multi-component data? How will you utilize the connection between different data components? Devise an approach and discuss its assumptions, procedure, and potential problems.
Make a table describing the deconvolution methods covered in this chapter. Characterize each method using the following entries: the model, the assumptions, requirements (e.g., minimum phase), application procedure, and an example from the literature.
In what situations is the exploding reflector model in Figure 7.1 not applicable?Figure 7.1 Velocity = V Velocity = V/2 (a) (b)

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Practical Seismic Data Analysis 1st Edition Hua-Wei Zhou - Solutions

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