Questions and Answers of Principles Of Behavior

Describe the use of generalized conditioned reinforcers to help remedial grade-school students: a. What were the generalized conditioned reinforcers? b. What were some backup reinforcers? c. What
What’s the humanitarian attitude about how we should judge a society?
1. Conditioned punisher—define it and diagram an example of creating a conditioned punisher by a. Pairing with a punisher b. Pairing with the loss of a reinforcer 2. Show how we could know that
1. Give an example of how conditioned reinforcers and conditioned aversive stimuli lose their value. 2. Show how this differs from extinction and stopping the punishment contingency.
1. Define conditional stimulus. 2. Give an example of a conditional punisher and explain the details.
Why do Japanese babies babble in Japanese and American babies babble in English?
Give a couple examples of control over the environment as a powerful conditioned reinforcer.
1. Diagram the creation of a conditioned reinforcer in the Skinner box. 2. Must Rudolph make the response that produces the click, in order for the click to become a conditioned reinforcer? a.
How would you provide good evidence that the dipper click really was the reinforcer?
1. How can you use noncontingent reinforcers to determine the importance of the contingency? 2. To determine the importance of the contingency, it is better to use noncontingent reinforcers than
1. The principle of deprivation—define it and give an example. 2. The principle of satiation—define it and give an example. 3. What’s the difference between satiation and extinction, a. In
Give two examples from the Skinner box— a. One, the effects of satiation on performance; b. The other, the effects of satiation on learning.
Give an applied example showing a. How satiation affects performance. b. How deprivation affects performance. c. How deprivation affects learning. d. How habituation affects performance.
Please diagram a Skinner box example of: a. Deprivation b. Satiation
1. Define and give an example of a. Motivating operation b. Establishing operation c. Abolishing operation 2. Give an example showing how a motivating operation can influence a. The learning of
Please give an example of the effects of a. Quantity on the effectiveness of a positive reinforcer b. Quality on the effectiveness of a positive reinforcer c. Quantity on the effectiveness of a
1. What should and shouldn’t you say when talking about Rudolph learning to press the lever? 2. Cool point for an original example of what you should and shouldn’t say about contingencies
1. Diagram an experiment that shows pain-motivated aggression. 2. Diagram an experiment that shows extinction-motivated aggression. 3. Diagram an experiment that shows that the opportunity to
Diagram three cases of subtle aggression?
1. Fill out the contingency diagrams for three negative reinforcement contingencies involving addictive drugs. They differ mainly in their motivating operations. 2. Describe an experiment
1. Is aggression behavior learned? a. Learned b. Unlearned (innate) 2. Please explain your answer. 3. Are the aggression reinforcers conditioned or unconditioned? a. Conditioned b.
Addictive reinforcer—define it and give an example.
Give an example of differential punishment involving a negative punishment contingency. Include the response, the presumed reinforcer, the contingency, and the expected results.
Describe a differential reinforcement procedure used to decrease a child’s disruptive behaviors. a. What behavior is reinforced? b. What behavior is extinguished? c. What should happen to the
1. Diagram punishment by prevention a. In the Skinner box b. Bill’s slapping his own face 2. Argue for an analysis in terms of punishment by the prevention of the presentation of a reinforcer as
Differential reinforcement of other behavior a. Define it. b. Diagram its use to reduce face slapping.
Diagram the procedure DRO in the Skinner box.
Prepare a frequency table and then draw a frequency graph for the following data (the grams of force with which Rudolph pressed the lever): 1, 5, 2, 5, 4, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 4, and 3. Be sure to include
1. Define empiricism. 2. Define determinism. 3. Define and give an example of parsimony. 4. Define experimentation. 5. Define pragmatism.
Define and give an example of a. Dead-man test b. Behavior i. Muscular ii. Glandular iii. Neuroelectrical c. Behavior analysisd. Experimental analysis of behavior e. Applied behavior
1. Define behaviorism. 2. Define methodological behaviorism. 3. Define radical behaviorism. 4. Define mentalism. 5. Define mind
Give an example of respondent conditioning of an emotional response.
Give an example of conditioning a phobia. Include the • Unconditioned stimulus (US) • Unconditioned response (UR) • Conditioned stimulus (CS) • Conditioned response (CR) • Conditioning
Higher-order respondent conditioning a. Define it. b. Give an example.
Respondent extinction a. Define it. b. Give an example. c. Cool; now give another example.
Describe a procedure to get rid of a car phobia.
Systematic desensitization a. Define it. b. Give an example.
Briefly describe the behavioral procedures to help a college sophomore reduce her fears. a. Systematic desensitization b. Other extinction procedures
1. Describe the conditioned insulin phenomenon and diagram the respondent processes. 2. How can respondent extinction get rid of the problem?
1. Describe the pairing procedure that causes the needle prick and sight of the living room to elicit the drugcounteracting response. a. What is the US? b. What is the UR?c. What is the stimulus to
1. What did Skinner do that made him so famous? 2. And how does that relate to this book?
What’s a/an a. RBT b. BCaBA c. BCBA d. BCBA-D
Positive reinforcer a. Define it and b. Diagram how it could cause problem behavior i. In a child ii. In a parent
1. Positive reinforcement—define it. 2. Briefly describe the use of positive reinforcement to improve functioning of stroke victims. Describe: • The behaviors • The reinforcers
1. Negative reinforcement (escape)—define it. 2. Give an example of negative reinforcement. Describe: • The negative reinforcer • The behavior (response) that escapes the negative
1. Positive punishment—define it. 2. Punisher—define it. 3. Diagram the positive punishment contingency to get rid of bruxism (teeth grinding). Describe: • The intervention • The results
1. Negative punishment (penalty)—define it. 2. Describe the use of a negative punishment procedure to reduce inappropriate social interactions. Describe: • The person whose behavior was
Behavioral contingency—define it and give an example of each of the four basic behavioral contingencies, indicating the occasion, the response, and the outcome for each of those four contingencies.
Describe the use of extinction to reduce disruptive behavior. Include: • The client • The reinforcer withheld • The results
The principle of extinction a. Define it and b. Give an everyday example, maybe even from your own life!
What was the historic significance of the Ayllon and Michael work with Lucille and friends?
To get the best learning, how quickly should you give the reinforcer when reinforcing a response?
1. Rule—define it and give an example. 2. Rule-governed behavior—define it and give an example. 3. Contingency-shaped behavior—define it and give an example. 4. Describe the use of the
1. Self-management—define it. 2. What are the six major components of a self-management contingency contract?
1. Give two or three examples of self-management projects students have done. 2. And while you’re at it, give an example of one you’d like to do, or at least should do, even if you wouldn’t
Please give an example of self-management in the classroom.
Define and give an example of a. Operant conditioning b. Operant behavior
State the law of effect and comment on its value.
What are the two main goals or values of science, including behavior analysis?
1. Define each of the following concepts: a. Dependent variable b. Independent variable 2. Describe an experiment that illustrates these two concepts.
Baseline—please define it and give an example.
1. Define each of the following concepts: a. Behavior skills training b. Multiple baseline 2. Describe an experiment that illustrates these two concepts.
1. Operational definition—describe it and give an example. 2. Interobserver agreement—describe it and give an example.
What’s the advantage of single-subject vs. group experimental design?
Define and give an example of each of the following: a. Experimental group b. Control group
1. Define social validity and give an example. 2. Define target behavior and give an example.
1. Confounded variables—define it and give an example. 2. Internal validity—define it and give an example.
Treatment (intervention) package—define it and give an example, explaining why you might use one.
1. Reversal design—define it and give an example. 2. Explain why the reversal design can be better than a simple-baseline design.
Control condition—define it, give an example, and explain its importance by referring to your example.
1. Define and give an example of the following research designs: a. Changing criterion b. Alternating treatments 2. What are two advantages of the alternating-treatments design? What is a
1. External validity—define it and give an example. 2. What is the difference between internal and external validity?
1. Identify the three goals of behavior analysis as a science. 2. Discuss the role of correlation and experimentation in achieving those goals. 3. Discuss the Hart and Risley research in terms of
Describe an intervention for eliminating the fear of darkness. a. Describe the anxiety-generating situation. b. How did Dawn use fantasies to get rid of the fear of darkness?
1. Who was Ivan Pavlov? 2. What was the great discovery of Ivan Pavlov and Ivan Filippovitch Tolochino? (Don’t worry, you won’t have to remember the name “Ivan Filippovitch Tolochino” for
Define and give examples of the following concepts: a. Unconditioned stimulus b. Unconditioned response c. Conditioned stimulus d. Conditioned response e. respondent conditioning
1. Compare and contrast psychiatry and psychology. 2. Who is the most famous real psychologist in the world?
In simple terms, compare and contrast behavior analysis and psychoanalysis.
1. What’s the name for the kind of reasoning involved with terms like want? 2. Diagram an example of circular reasoning.
1. The error of reification—define it and give an example. 2. Show how the error of reification is an example of circular reasoning.
Medical-model myth—define it and give an example.
Medical model—give examples of how it differs from the behavioral view.
How is the wrong use of the medical model an example of circular reasoning? Please give an example.
1. Describe each of the seven dimensions of applied behavior analysis. 2. Why is each dimension important for behavior analysts?
Positive reinforcer—please define it, as a little refresher, and give some examples.
1. State the “Check the reinforcer first” general rule and then give an example of where and how you should use that general rule. 2. How would you be sure that the reinforcer you’re using is
How can you tell if the points for answering questions are reinforcers?
Please define and give an example of: a. Automatic reinforcement b. Socially mediated reinforcement
1. Positive reinforcement contingency—define it, use it correctly in a sentence, and diagram three examples. Warning: Each line of a definition is a separate, crucial component of the definition.
1. Behavioral contingency—define it and give an example. 2. Use some version of the verbal expression to be contingent in a way that shows you understand how to use the term correctly. For
The general rule of environmental enrichment—give a couple of examples. a. One that illustrates the fallacy of its use. b. One that illustrates its proper use.
Give two examples that at first glance might appear to be reinforcement but are not, because the apparent reinforcer comes before the response.
Suppose you had a child with severe problems of bowel retention. How could you use the principle of positive reinforcement to help the child? Describe: a. The behavior b. The contingencyc. The
1. How does poverty relate to language skills and IQ scores? Language skills and success in school? Success in school and employment? Employment and a halfway decent life for yourself? Employment and
1. What are the 12 verbs and expressions you shouldn’t use with nonhuman animals and nonverbal human beings? 2. Give an example of how each can be misused. 3. Give an example of how to say the
We just snuck a tiny joke into the last few sentences; so tiny that only 15% of our students got it. We violated our own rule. OK? Now, please explain it.
1. What’s the difference between reinforcer and reinforcement? 2. Correctly use reinforcer and reinforcement in the same sentence.
Please give the following examples: a. A reinforcer that is helpful for you b. A helpful stimulus that is not a reinforcer c. A reinforcer that is harmful
1. Negative reinforcer—define it. 2. Give an example of a. A negative reinforcer harmful to you b. A harmful stimulus that is not a negative reinforcer c. A negative reinforcer that is not
You should be so hyped up about how dumb it is to use “adversive” that you’d spot it immediately on a written quiz and get full credit for correcting it. And, of course your sly but caring

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