Principles Of Behavior 8th Edition Richard W. Malott, Joseph T. Shane, Kelly T. Kohler - Solutions

Negative reinforcement contingency—define it and diagram an example.
Give an example of an unacceptable behavior maintained by a negative reinforcement contingency and show how you might get rid of the bad behavior by substituting a more acceptable alternative escape response. • What is the unacceptable behavior? • What is the negative reinforcer? • What do
1. Compare and contrast positive and negative reinforcement, illustrating your points with an example. 2. Construct the contingency table (preliminary #1.2) and explain it.preliminary #1.2 Present Stimulus Response Frequency Decreases Response Frequency Increases Contingency Positive
Please say a little bit about why the principle of negative reinforcement is so much better an explanation of Grace’s behavior than the common notion that she’s releasing a built-up pressure.
Please present two negative reinforcement contingencies: a. One reinforcing the child’s disrupting. b. One reinforcing the behavior technician’s copping out.
1. Functional assessment—define it. 2. What are the three functional assessment strategies?
Please describe a couple of interventions designed to decrease the aversiveness of the negative reinforcers that were reinforcing a student’s escape behavior.
1. Sick social cycle—define it and give an example. a. Draw the two contingency diagrams for your example. b. Draw the circular diagram of the sick social cycle.2. Now please fill in the diagram for your whole sick social cycle. (The contingency for the perpetrator goes in the first row; the
Diagram a negative reinforcement contingency in the Skinner box.**
Describe an experiment that demonstrates learning without awareness. • What species were the subjects? • What was the response? • What were the contingencies? • What were the differences in the procedures for the four groups? • What were the results for the four groups?
Which of the following is the negative reinforcer in a Skinner box negative reinforcement experiment? a. The shock b. The food c. The termination of the shock d. The termination of the food Warning: Please be sure you’ve got this one cold because too many students are blowing it on the quiz,
Punisher and positive punishment contingency—define them and diagram an everyday example using them.
Describe the use of a punishment contingency to get rid of regurgitation. What was the intervention, and what were the results?
Describe the use of a positive punishment contingency to prevent self-injurious behavior. What was the intervention and what were the results?
Use an example or two to compare and contrast the following (also construct and use a contingency table in the comparing and contrasting): • Negative reinforcement • Positive punishmentRemember: To do well on the quizzes you must be able to construct or fill in any tables you see. And
Diagram the positive punishment contingency for getting rid of an habitual behavior.
Describe the use of a positive punishment contingency to reduce aggression. What was the intervention and what were the results?
Overcorrection—define it and give an example.
1. Sick social cycle (victim’s punishment model)—define it and give an example • Draw the two contingency diagrams for your example. • Draw the circular diagram of the sick social cycle. 2. Now please fill in the diagram for your entire sick social cycle. (The contingency for the
Please give one example where parental disapproval works and one where it doesn’t work as positive punishment.
Discuss the notion that whenever you have a punishment contingency, there must also be a reinforcement contingency.
Compare and contrast Wade’s case with Azrin’s Skinner box experiment.
Discuss a case study where positive punishment with electric shock eliminated serious self-injury.
1. What are two factors you should consider in doing a costbenefit analysis of using punishment? 2. What are six considerations you should include in guidelines for punishment?
Please compare and contrast aggression and the careful use of positive punishment.
Again, compare and contrast negative reinforcement and positive punishment. Use an example and a contingency table in doing so.
Please discuss the myth of the ineffectiveness of punishment.

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