Suppose that participants are asked to memorize a list of words that range from very abstract to very concrete. The number of words recalled of each type for each participant are shown in the following table.

a. Compute the one-way RM ANOVA for these data. Test the F ratio for significance at the .05 level. How many pairwise comparisons could be tested if your ANOVA was significant? What alpha would you use to test each of these comparisons, if you used a Bonferroni adjustment to keep the experimentwise alpha at .05?

b. Reanalyze the data as a mixed-design ANOVA, assuming that the first four participants were selected for their high scores on a spatial ability test, whereas the second group of four participants were chosen for their poor performance in spatial ability. Test each F ratio for significance at the .05 level.

c. Graph the cell means of the two-way mixed-design ANOVA, as described in part (b). Explain how the pattern of the cell means is consistent with the results you obtained in part (b).

Participant number Mildly Mildly Very Very abstract abstract concrete concrete 11 14 11 2 4 3 9. 13 20 4 3 12 10 15 7 3 8 6. 6. 9. 8 8 8