Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics 6th Edition Andy Field - Solutions

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Log-transform the scores in Task 7, make a Q-Q plot of the transformed scores and interpret it.
In the previous chapter we came across the beer-goggles effect. In that chapter, we saw that the beer-goggles effect was stronger for unattractive faces. We took a follow-up sample of 26 people and gave them doses of alcohol (0 pints, 2 pints, 4 pints and 6 pints of lager) over four different
In Chapter 4 we used some data that related to learning in men and women when either reinforcement or punishment was used in teaching (teaching.sav). Analyse these data to see whether men and women’s learning differs according to the teaching method used.
In Chapter 5 we used some data that related to male and female arousal levels when watching The Notebook or a documentary about notebooks (notebook.sav). Fit a model to test whether men and women differ in their reactions to different types of films.
In Chapter 10 we compared the number of mischievous acts in people who had invisibility cloaks to those without (cloak). Imagine we replicated that study, but changed the design so that we recorded the number of mischievous acts in these participants before the study began (mischief_pre) as well as
Repeat the analysis in Task 7 but using copulatory efficiency as the outcome.Task 7Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 7.2 describes an experiment on quails with fetishes for terrycloth objects. There were two outcome variables (time spent near the terrycloth object and copulatory efficiency) that we
Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 7.2 describes an experiment on quails with fetishes for terrycloth objects. There were two outcome variables (time spent near the terrycloth object and copulatory efficiency) that we didn’t analyse. Read Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 7.2 to get the full story then
In Chapter 7 (Section 7.6) there are some data looking at whether eating soya meals reduces your sperm count. Analyse these data with a linear model (ANOVA). What’s the difference between what you find and what was found in Section 7.6.5? Why do you think this difference has arisen? The data are
McNulty et al. (2008) found a relationship between a person’s attractiveness and how much support they give their partner among newlywed heterosexual couples. The data are in mcnulty_2008.sav, Is this relationship moderated by spousen (i.e., whether the data were from the husband or wife)?
Thinking back to Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 4.1 test whether the number of offers was significantly different in people listening to Bon Scott than in those listening to Brian Johnson (acdc.sav), using an independent t-test and bootstrapping. Do your results differ from Oxoby (2008)?
In Chapter 6 we looked at hygiene scores over threethree days of a rock music festival (download.sav). Do a paired-samples t-test to see whether hygiene scores on day 1 differed from those on day 3.
In Chapter 6 we looked at hygiene scores over three days of a rock music festival (download.sav). Using Spearman’s correlation, were hygiene scores on day 1 of the festival significantly correlated with those on day 3?
Repeat the analysis above taking account of animal liking when computing the correlation between life satisfaction and the type of animal the person had as a pet.
In Chapter 1 we used an example of the time taken for 21 heavy smokers to fall off a treadmill at the fastest setting (18, 16, 18, 24, 23, 22, 22, 23, 26, 29, 32, 34, 34, 36, 36, 43, 42, 49, 46, 46, 57). Calculate the standard error and 95% confidence interval of these data.
A ‘display rule’ refers to displaying an appropriate emotion in a situation. For example, if you receive a present that you don’t like, you should smile politely and say ‘Thank you, Auntie Kate, I’ve always wanted a rotting cabbage’; you do not start crying and scream ‘Why did you buy
Are there any influential cases or outliers in the model for Task 1?Task 1A ‘display rule’ refers to displaying an appropriate emotion in a situation. For example, if you receive a present that you don’t like, you should smile politely and say ‘Thank you, Auntie Kate, I’ve always wanted
The behaviour of drivers has been used to claim that people of a higher social class are more unpleasant (Piff et al., 2012). Piff and colleagues classified social class by the type of car (vehicle) on a five-point scale and observed whether the drivers cut in front of other cars at a busy
In a second study, Piff et al. (2012) observed the behaviour of drivers and classified social class by the type of car (vehicle), but the outcome was whether the drivers cut off a pedestrian at a crossing (pedestrian_cut). Do a logistic regression to see whether social class predicts whether or not
Four hundred and sixty-seven lecturers completed questionnaire measures of burnout (burnt out or not), perceived control (high score = low perceived control), coping ability (high score = high ability to cope with stress), stress from teaching (high score = teaching creates a lot of stress for the
An HIV researcher explored the factors that influenced condom use with a new partner (relationship less than 1 month old). The outcome measure was whether a condom was used (use: condom used = 1, not used = 0). The predictor variables were mainly scales from the Condom Attitude Scale (Sacco et al.,
How reliable is the model in Task 6?Task 6An HIV researcher explored the factors that influenced condom use with a new partner (relationship less than 1 month old). The outcome measure was whether a condom was used (use: condom used = 1, not used = 0). The predictor variables were mainly scales
Using the final model from Task 6, what are the probabilities that participants 12, 53 and 75 will use a condom?Task 6An HIV researcher explored the factors that influenced condom use with a new partner (relationship less than 1 month old). The outcome measure was whether a condom was used (use:
A female who used a condom in her previous encounter scores 2 on all variables except perceived risk (for which she scores 6). Use the model in Task 6 to estimate the probability that she will use a condom in her next encounter.Task 6An HIV researcher explored the factors that influenced condom use
At the start of the chapter we looked at whether the type of instrument a person plays is connected to their personality. A musicologist measured extroversion and agreeableness in 200 singers and guitarists (instrument). Use logistic regression to see which personality variables (ignore their
Which problem associated with logistic regression might we have in the analysis in Task 10?Task 10At the start of the chapter we looked at whether the type of instrument a person plays is connected to their personality. A musicologist measured extroversion and agreeableness in 200 singers and
In a new study, the musicologist in Task 10 extended her previous one by collecting data from 430 musicians who played their voice (singers), guitar, bass or drums (instrument). She measured the same personality variables but also their conscientiousness (band_personality.sav). Use multinomial
Using the cosmetic surgery example, run the analysis described in Section 21.5 but also including BDI as a fixed effect predictor. What differences does including this predictor make?
Miller et al. (2007) tested the ‘hidden-estrus’ theory, which suggests that unlike other female mammals, humans do not experience an ‘estrus’ phase during which they are more sexually receptive, proceptive, selective and attractive. If this theory is wrong then human heterosexual men should
Hill et al. (2007) examined whether providing children with a leaflet based on the ‘theory of planned behaviour’ increased their exercise. There were four different interventions (intervention): a control group, a leaflet, a leaflet and quiz, and a leaflet and a plan. A total of 503 children
Repeat the analysis in Task 3 but include the pre-intervention exercise scores (pre_exercise) as a covariate. What difference does this make to the results?Task 3Hill et al. (2007) examined whether providing children with a leaflet based on the ‘theory of planned behaviour’ increased their
Research suggests that people who can switch off from work (detachment) during off-hours are more satisfied with life and have fewer symptoms of psychological strain (Sonnentag, 2012). Factors at work, such as time pressure, affect your ability to detach when away from work. A study of 1709
Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 19.1 describes a study (Daniels, 2012) that looked at the impact of sexualized images of athletes compared to performance pictures on women’s perceptions of the athletes and of themselves. Women looked at different types of pictures (picture) and then did a writing
Using the data in Task 2, see whether the type of picture viewed was associated with indicating admiration or jealousy for the athlete.Data From Task 2Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 19.1 describes a study (Daniels, 2012) that looked at the impact of sexualized images of athletes compared to
Using the data in Task 2, see whether the type of picture viewed was associated with indicating that the athlete was a role model or motivating.Data From Task 2Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 19.1 describes a study (Daniels, 2012) that looked at the impact of sexualized images of athletes compared
Task 5. Using the data in Task 2, see whether the type of picture viewed was associated with the participant commenting on their own physical activity.Data From Task 2Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 19.1 describes a study (Daniels, 2012) that looked at the impact of sexualized images of athletes
I wrote much of the third edition of this book in the Netherlands (I have a soft spot for it). The Dutch travel by bike much more than the English. I noticed that many more Dutch people cycle while steering with only one hand. I pointed this out to one of my friends, Birgit Mayer, and she said that
Compute and interpret the odds ratio for Task 6Task 6I wrote much of the third edition of this book in the Netherlands (I have a soft spot for it). The Dutch travel by bike much more than the English. I noticed that many more Dutch people cycle while steering with only one hand. I pointed this out
Certain editors at Sage like to think they’re great at football (soccer). To see whether they are better than Sussex lecturers and postgraduates we invited employees of Sage to join in our football matches. Every person played in one match. Over many matches, we counted the number of players that
Compute and interpret the odds ratio for Task 8.Data From Task 8Certain editors at Sage like to think they’re great at football (soccer). To see whether they are better than Sussex lecturers and postgraduates we invited employees of Sage to join in our football matches. Every person played in one
I was interested in whether horoscopes are tosh. I recruited 2201 people, made a note of their star sign (this variable, obviously, has 12 categories: Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarius) and whether they believed in horoscopes
On my statistics module students have weekly practical statistics classes in a computer laboratory. I’ve noticed that many students are studying social media more than the very interesting statistics assignments that I have set them. I wanted to see the impact that this behaviour had on their
To test how different teaching methods affected students’ knowledge I took three statistics modules (group) where I taught the same material. For one module I wandered around with a large cane and beat anyone who asked daft questions or got questions wrong (punish). In the second I encouraged
Fit a robust model for Task 1Task 1To test how different teaching methods affected students’ knowledge I took three statistics modules (group) where I taught the same material. For one module I wandered around with a large cane and beat anyone who asked daft questions or got questions wrong
Children wearing superhero costumes are more likely to injure themselves because of the unrealistic impression of invincibility that these costumes could create. For example, children have reported to hospital with severe injuries because of trying ‘to initiate flight without having planned for
Mobile phones emit microwaves, and so holding one next to your brain for large parts of the day is a bit like sticking your brain in a microwave oven and pushing the ‘cook until well done’ button. If we wanted to test this experimentally, we could get six groups of people and strap a mobile
Using the data in glastonbury.sav, fit a model to see if the change in hygiene (change) is significant across people with different musical tastes (music). Use a simple contrast to compare each group against the no subculture group. Ⓑ
A sociologist wanted to compare murder rates (murder) recorded in each month in a year at three high-profile locations in London (street): Ruskin Avenue, Acacia Avenue and Rue Morgue. Fit a robust model with bootstrapping to see in which streets the most murders happened. The data are in murder.sav.
A few years back I was stalked. You’d think they could have found someone a bit more interesting to stalk, but apparently times were hard. It wasn’t particularly pleasant, but could have been a lot worse. I imagined a world in which a psychologist tried two different therapies on different
Fit a robust model for Task 1.Task 1A few years back I was stalked. You’d think they could have found someone a bit more interesting to stalk, but apparently times were hard. It wasn’t particularly pleasant, but could have been a lot worse. I imagined a world in which a psychologist tried two
A marketing manager tested the benefit of soft drinks for curing hangovers. He took 15 people and got them drunk. The next morning as they awoke, dehydrated and feeling as though they’d licked a camel’s sandy feet clean with their tongue, he gave five of them water to drink, five of them
Compute effect sizes for Task 3 and report the results.Task 3A marketing manager tested the benefit of soft drinks for curing hangovers. He took 15 people and got them drunk. The next morning as they awoke, dehydrated and feeling as though they’d licked a camel’s sandy feet clean with their
The highlight of the elephant calendar is the annual elephant soccer event in Nepal (google it). A heated argument burns between the African and Asian elephants. In 2010, the president of the Asian Elephant Football Association, an elephant named Boji, claimed that Asian elephants were more
In Chapter 4 (Task 6) we looked at data from people who had fish or cats as pets and measured their life satisfaction and, also, how much they like animals (pets.sav). Fit a model predicting life satisfaction from the type of pet a person had and their animal liking score (covariate). Chapater 4
Compare your results from Task 6 to those for the corresponding task in Chapter 11. What differences do you notice and why? Task 6In Chapter 4 (Task 6) we looked at data from people who had fish or cats as pets and measured their life satisfaction and, also, how much they like animals (pets.sav).
People have claimed that listening to heavy metal, because of its aggressive sonic palette and often violent or emotionally negative lyrics, leads to angry and aggressive behaviour (Selfhout et al., 2008). As a very non-violent metal fan this accusation bugs me. Imagine I designed a study to test
Compute omega squared for the effects in Task 1 and report the results of the analysis.Task 1People have claimed that listening to heavy metal, because of its aggressive sonic palette and often violent or emotionally negative lyrics, leads to angry and aggressive behaviour (Selfhout et al., 2008).
Compute omega squared for the effects in Task 3 and report the results of the analysis.Task 3In Chapter 5 we used some data that related to male and female arousal levels when watching The Notebook or a documentary about notebooks (notebook.sav). Fit a model to test whether men and women differ in
At the start of this chapter I described a way of empirically researching whether I wrote better songs than my old bandmate Malcolm, and whether this depended on the type of song (a symphony or song about flies). The outcome variable was the number of screams elicited by audience members during the
Compute omega squared for the effects in Task 6 and report the results of the analysis.Task 6At the start of this chapter I described a way of empirically researching whether I wrote better songs than my old bandmate Malcolm, and whether this depended on the type of song (a symphony or song about
There are reports of increases in injuries related to playing games consoles. These injuries were attributed mainly to muscle and tendon strains. A researcher hypothesized that a stretching warm-up before playing would help lower injuries, and that athletes would be less susceptible to injuries
A researcher was interested in what factors contributed to injuries resulting from game console use. She tested 40 participants who were randomly assigned to either an active or static game played on either a Nintendo Switch or Xbox One Kinect. At the end of the session their physical condition was
It is common that lecturers obtain reputations for being ‘hard’ or ‘light’ markers, but there is often little to substantiate these reputations. A group of students investigated the consistency of marking by submitting the same essays to four different lecturers. The outcome was the
Repeat the analysis for Task 1 using SPSS and interpret the results.Task 1It is common that lecturers obtain reputations for being ‘hard’ or ‘light’ markers, but there is often little to substantiate these reputations. A group of students investigated the consistency of marking by
Calculate the effect sizes for the analysis in Task 1.Task 1It is common that lecturers obtain reputations for being ‘hard’ or ‘light’ markers, but there is often little to substantiate these reputations. A group of students investigated the consistency of marking by submitting the same
Interpret the simple effect of effect of alcohol at different levels of lighting.
Early in my career I looked at the effect of giving children information about entities. In one study (Field, 2006), I used three novel entities (the quoll, quokka and cuscus) and children were told negative things about one of the entities, positive things about another, and given no information
Analyse the data in Task 7 with a robust model. Do children take longer to put their hands in a box that they believe contains an entity about which they have been told nasty things?Task 7Log-transform the scores in Task 7, make a Q-Q plot of the transformed scores and interpret it.
A marketing researcher was interested in the effects of types of imagery (positive, negative or neutral) on perceptions of different types of drink (beer, wine, water). Participants viewed videos of different drink products in the context of positive, negative or neutral imagery and then rated the
Text messaging and Twitter encourage communication using abbreviated forms of words (if u no wat I mean). A researcher wanted to see the effect this had on children’s understanding of grammar. One group of 25 children was encouraged to send text messages on their mobile phones over a 6-month
A researcher hypothesized that reality TV show contestants start off with personality disorders that are exacerbated by being forced to spend time with people as attention-seeking as them (see Chapter 1). To test this hypothesis, she gave eight contestants a questionnaire measuring personality
Angry Birds is a video game in which you fire birds at pigs. A (fabricated) study was set up in which people played Angry Birds and a control game (Tetris) over a 2-year period (1 year per game). They were put in a pen of pigs for a day before the study, and after 1 month, 6 months and 12 months.
A different study was conducted with the same design as in Task 4. The only difference was that the participant’s violent acts in real life were monitored before the study, and after 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. Does playing Angry Birds make people more violent in general compared to a
My wife believes that she has received fewer friend requests from random men on Facebook since she changed her profile picture to a photo of us both. Imagine we took 40 women who had profiles on a social networking website; 17 of them had a relationship status of ‘single’ and the remaining 23
Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 5.2 described a study in which researchers reasoned that if red was a proxy signal to indicate sexual proceptivity then men should find red female genitalia more attractive than other colours (Johns et al., 2012). They also recorded the men’s sexual experience
A farmyard psychologist decided to compare whether his chickens acted more like chickens than university lecturers did. He recorded 10 of his chickens as they went through a normal day, and did the same to 10 lecturers at the University of Sussex. He had two outcome measures: the number of chicken
A news story claimed that children who lie would become successful citizens. I was intrigued because although the article cited a lot of well-conducted work by Dr. Khang Lee that shows that children lie, I couldn’t find anything in that research that supported the journalist’s claim that
I was interested in whether students’ knowledge of different aspects of psychology improved throughout their degree (psychology.sav). I took a sample of firstyears, second-years and third-years and gave them five tests (scored out of 15) representing different aspects of psychology: exper
The University of Sussex constantly seeks to employ the best people possible as lecturers. They wanted to revise the ‘Teaching of Statistics for Scientific Experiments’ (TOSSE) questionnaire, which is based on Bland’s theory which says that good research methods lecturers should have: (1) a
Dr Sian Williams (University of Brighton) devised a questionnaire to measure organizational ability. She predicted five factors to do with organizational ability:(1) Preference for organization; (2) Goal achievement; (3) Planning approach;(4) Acceptance of delays; and (5) Preference for routine.
Zibarras et al. (2008) looked at the relationship between personality and creativity. They used the Hogan Development Survey (HDS), which measures 11 dysfunctional dispositions of employed adults: being volatile, mistrustful, cautious, detached, passive_aggressive, arrogant, manipulative, dramatic,
A psychologist was interested in the cross-species differences between men and dogs. She observed a group of dogs and a group of men in a naturalistic setting (20 of each). She classified several behaviours as being dog-like (urinating against trees and lampposts, attempts to copulate and attempts
Both Ozzy Osbourne and Judas Priest have been accused of putting backward masked messages on their albums that subliminally influence poor unsuspecting teenagers into doing things like blowing their heads off with shotguns. A psychologist was interested in whether backward masked messages could
A media researcher was interested in the effect of television programmes on domestic life. She hypothesized that through ‘learning by watching’, certain programmes encourage people to behave like the characters within them. She exposed 54 couples to three popular TV shows, after which the
A researcher was interested in preventing coulrophobia (fear of clowns) in children. She did an experiment in which different groups of children (15 in each) were exposed to positive information about clowns. The first group watched adverts in which Ronald McDonald is seen dancing with children and
Thinking back to Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 4.1, test whether the number of offers was significantly different in people listening to Bon Scott compared to those listening to Brian Johnson (acdc.sav). Compare your results to those reported by Oxoby (2008).
Repeat the analysis above, but using the minimum acceptable offer – see Chapter 4, Task 3.Chapter 4 Task 3The data below show the score (out of 20) for 20 different students, some of whom are male and some female, and some of whom were taught using positive reinforcement (being nice) and others
Using the data in shopping.sav (Chapter 4, Task 4), test whether men and women spent significantly different amounts of time shopping? Chapter 4 Task 4Thinking back to Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 4.1, Oxoby also measured the minimum acceptable offer; these MAOs (in dollars) are below (again,
Using the same data, test whether men and women walked significantly different distances while shopping.
Using the data in pets.sav (Chapter 4, Task 5), test whether people with fish or cats as pets differed significantly in their life satisfaction. Chapter 4 Task 5According to some highly unscientific research done by a UK department store chain and reported in Marie Claire magazine
Use the spss_exam.sav (Chapter 6, Task 2) data to test whether students at the Universities of Sussex and Duncetown differed significantly in their SPSS exam scores, their numeracy, their computer literacy, and the number of lectures attended.Chapter 6 Task 2The file spss_exam.sav contains data on
Use the download.sav data from Chapter 6 to test whether hygiene levels- changed significantly over the three days of the festival.
A student was interested in whether there was a positive relationship between the time spent doing an essay and the mark received. He got 45 of his friends and timed how long they spent writing an essay (hours) and the percentage they got in the essay (essay). He also translated these grades into
Using the notebook.sav data from Chapter 3, quantify the relationship between the participant’s gender and arousal.
Using the notebook data again, quantify the relationship between the film watched and arousal.
As a statistics lecturer I am interested in the factors that determine whether a student will do well on a statistics course. Imagine I took 25 students and looked at their grades for my statistics course at the end of their first year at university: first, upper second, lower second and third
In Figure 2.3 we saw some data relating to people’s ratings of dishonest acts and the likeableness of the perpetrator (for a full description see Jane Superbrain Box 2.1). Compute the Spearman correlation between ratings of dishonesty and likeableness of the perpetrator. The data are in
In Chapter 4 (Task 6) we looked at data from people who had fish or cats as pets and measured their life satisfaction and, also, how much they like animals (pets. sav). Is there a significant correlation between life satisfaction and the type of animal the person had as a pet?Chapter 4 Task 6I
In Chapter 4 (Task 7) we looked at data based on findings that the number of cups of tea drunk was related to cognitive functioning (Feng et al., 2010). The data are in the file tea_15.sav. What is the correlation between tea drinking and cognitive functioning? Is there a significant effect?Chapter
The research in the previous task was replicated but in a larger sample (N = 716), which is the same as the sample size in Feng et al.’s research (tea_716.sav). Conduct a correlation between tea drinking and cognitive functioning. Compare the correlation coefficient and significance in this large
Using the data in shopping.sav (Chapter 4, Task 5), find out if there is a significant relationship between the time spent shopping and the distance covered.Chapter 4 Task 5According to some highly unscientific research done by a UK department store chain and reported in Marie Claire magazine

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Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics 6th Edition Andy Field - Solutions

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