In earlier studies, scientists reported finding a ‘‘commitment gene” in men, in which men with a certain gene variant were much less likely to commit to a monogamous relationship. That study involved only men (and we return to it later in this text), but a new study, involving birds this time rather than humans, shows that female infidelity may be inherited. Scientists recorded who mated with or rebuffed whom for five generations of captive zebra finches, for a total of 800 males and 754 females. Zebra finches are believed to be a monogamous species, but the study found that mothers who cheat with multiple partners often had daughters who also cheat with multiple partners. To identify whether the effect was genetic or environmental, the scientists switched many of the chicks from their original nests. More cheating by the mother was strongly associated with more cheating by the daughter. Is this a positive or negative association?