The amplifier shown in Figure P10.78 uses a pnp driver and an npn active load circuit. The transistor parameters are: \(I_{S 0}=5 \times 10^{-13} \mathrm{~A}, I_{S 1}=I_{S 2}=\) \(10^{-12} \mathrm{~A}, V_{A N}=120 \mathrm{~V}\), and \(V_{A P}=80 \mathrm{~V}\). Let \(V^{+}=5 \mathrm{~V}\), and neglect base currents.

(a) Find the value of \(V_{B E}\) that will produce \(I_{\mathrm{REF}}=0.5 \mathrm{~mA}\).

(b) Determine the value of \(R_{1}\).

(c) What value of \(V_{I}\) will produce \(V_{E C 0}=V_{C E 2}\) ?

(d) Determine the open-circuit small-signal voltage gain.

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20 REF Figure P10.78 + VBE ww R