Calculation practice: Odds ratio. Use the data from Problem 1 on coffee drinking and prostate cancer.

a. What are the odds of advanced prostate cancer for high-coffee consumers?

b. What are the odds of advanced prostate cancer for non–coffee drinkers?

c. What is the odds ratio of advanced prostate cancer, comparing these two groups?

d. What is the log-odds ratio comparing these two groups?

e. What is the standard error of the log-odds ratio in this case?

f. What is the 95% confidence interval for the log-odds ratio?

g. What is the 95% confidence interval for the odds ratio?

h. Interpret this confidence interval for the odds ratio. Is it consistent with the possibility that coffee drinking and developing advanced prostate cancer are independent? Does coffee consumption tend to be associated with an increased or decreased probability of developing advanced prostate cancer?

Data from problem 1

Calculation practice: relative risk. Wilson et al. (2011) followed a set of male health professionals for 20 years. Of all the men in the study, 7890 drank no coffee and 2492 drank on average more than six cups per day. In the “no-coffee” group, 122 developed advanced prostate cancer during the course of the study, and 19 in the “high-coffee”

group did.

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