Question: The heaters in a spacecraft suddenly fail. Heat is lost by radiation at the rate of 100 kJ/h, and the electric instruments generate 75 kJ/h.

The heaters in a spacecraft suddenly fail. Heat is lost by radiation at the rate of 100 kJ/h, and the electric instruments generate 75 kJ/h. Initially, the air is at 100 kPa, 25°C with a volume of 10 m3. How long will it take to reach an air temperature of −20°C?

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