In Problems 4148, you need to make some assumptions before you estimate your answer. State your assumptions and then calculate the exact answer. A school in Oakland, California, spent $100,000 in...

Use VEC A modified for the stable 18-electron configuration of Kr to justify the network of Cu tetrahedra in MgCu 2 .

Figure 3.2 suggests that oxidative non stoichiometry of NiO at high temperature is achieved via formation of nickel vacancies and holes. The following data have been measured [5, 6] at 1100 C in O 2...

Consider an Ising model with an infinite-range interaction such that each spin interacts equally strongly with all other spins: ^ H = c i < j i j 0 H i i H ^ = c i < j i j 0 H i i...

A pipeline carrying gasoline ( $\mathrm{SG}=0.72, \mu=0.7 \mathrm{cP}$ ) is 5 miles long and is made of 6 in. $\mathrm{Sch} .40$ commercial steel pipe. The line contains $2490^{\circ}$ elbows, 2 open...

Draw both chair conformations for each of the following compounds. In each case, identify the more stable chair conformation: (a) Methylcyclohexane (b) Trans-1,2-Diisopropylcyclohexane (c)...

Below is the structure of caffeine, but its lone pairs are not shown. Identify the location of all lone pairs in this compound: - -N N. .C. Caffeine Z-O- Z-U

Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations. You might find it useful to review Section 11.13 before doing these problems. In section 11.13 Radical halogenation provides...

Propose a plausible synthesis for each of the following transformations: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Br Br

Suggest an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations: a. b.

Using acetylene as your only source of carbon atoms, identify a synthetic route for the production of 2-bromobutane.

Using any reagents you like, show a way to convert 1-methylcyclopentene into 3-methylcyclopentene.

Fill in the missing reagents below. Me OEt ?| Br Me SH OEt OMe OEt CN

Identify the reagents necessary to achieve each transformation below: (a) (b) (c) D D D

Using any compounds that contain two carbon atoms or fewer, show a way to prepare a racemic mixture of (2R, 3S) - and (2S, 3R) -2, 3-dihydroxypentane.

Identify the reagents you might use to achieve each of the following transformations: Br Br , En

Starting with acetylene as your only source of carbon atoms, identify how you would prepare each member of the following homologous series of aldehydes: a. Ethanal b. Propanal c. Butanal d. Pentanal

Cyclopropane (shown below) has only one constitutional isomer. Draw a condensed structure of that isomer. -. - CH2 H2

Propose a structure that is consistent with each of the following 1 H NMR spectra. In each case, the molecular formula is provided. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Proton NMR C,H,,0 i ppm Integration Values...

A differential dz = f (x, y) dx + g(x, y) dy is exact if the integral f (x, y) dx + g(x, y) dy is independent of the path. Demonstrate that the differential dz = 2xy dx + x 2 dy is exact by...

Identify the reagents you would use to achieve each of the following transformations: CI Br Br CH

Draw the structures of compounds A to D: NaNH, NaNH, 1) Excess NaNH, Br2 Br2 2) H20 (C3H12)

A 1.25 mole sample of an ideal gas is expanded from 320. K and an initial pressure of 3.10 bar to a final pressure of 1.00 bar, and C P,m = 5/2R. Calculate w for the following two cases: a. The...

Predict the product and draw the mechanism for each of the following reactions: a. b. c. ? 1) LAH 2) H20

Use resonance structures to help you identify all sites of low electron density (δ+) in the following compound:

Starting with cyclohexene and using any other reagents of your choice, show how you would prepare each of the following compounds. a. b. c. OH OMe

Methylmagnesium bromide reacts rapidly with ethylene oxide, it reacts slowly with oxetane, and it does not react at all with tetrahydrofuran. Explain this difference in reactivity. Oxetane Ethylene...

Based on your analysis in the previous problem, determine whether the following allene is expected to be chiral: Me , Me, c=c=c Me

Identify the reagents necessary to accomplish each of the transformations below: (a) (b) Me

Using toluene and acetylene as your only sources of carbon atoms, show how you would prepare the following compound.

Draw the expected product when each of the following compounds is treated with chromic acid. a. b. c.

Predict the major product obtained when each of the following compounds is treated with Birch conditions. a. b. c. d. e. f. OH

Draw the two possible enols that can be formed from 3-methyl-2-butanone, and show a mechanism of formation ofeach under base-catalyzed conditions.

Prove that a substance for which the solidliquid coexistence curve has a negative slope contracts upon melting.

Draw a Lewis dot structure for each of the following atoms: (a) Carbon (b) Oxygen (c) Fluorine (d) Hydrogen (e) Bromine (f) Sulfur (g) Chlorine (h) Iodine

You observe light passing through a slit of width a as decreases from a to a. Will you observe a sharp transition between ray optics and diffraction? Explain why or why not.

When a molecule absorbs a photon, momentum is conserved. If an H 2 molecule at 500. K absorbs an ultraviolet photon of wavelength 175 nm, what is the change in its velocity, v? Given that its average...

Propose an efficient synthesis for the following transformation.

Consider the three constitutional isomers of dioxane (C 4 H 8 O 2 ): One of these constitutional isomers is stable under basic conditions as well as mildly acidic conditions and is therefore used as...

Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Br

Identify the starting materials needed to make each of the following acetals: (a) (b) (c) OEt

Propose an efficient synthesis for the following transformation: N.

The smallest observed frequency for a transition between states of an electron in a one-dimensional box is 3.0 10 13 s 1 . What is the length of the box?

Predict the major product obtained when each of the following compounds is treated with fuming sulfuric acid: (a) Chlorobenzene (b) Phenol (c) Benzaldehyde (d) Ortho-Nitrophenol (e) Para-Bromotoluene...

The wave functions p x and d xz are linear combinations of the spherical harmonic functions, which are eigenfunctions of the operators H, l 2 , and l z for rotation in three dimensions. The...

Aspartame (below) is an artificial sweetener used in diet soft drinks and is marketed under many trade names, including Equal TM and Nutrasweet TM . In the body, aspartame is hydrolyzed to produce...

Draw the enolate ion that is formed when each of the following compounds is treated with sodium ethoxide. In each case, draw all resonance structures of the enolate ion, and predict whether a...

Identify the reagents that you would use to accomplish each of the following transformations (you will need to use reactions from previous chapters). (a) (b) (c) (d) OEt CI

Identify the reagents that you would use to produce each of the following compounds using a Claisen condensation. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) OEt OEt

Consider the 1s np 3 P 1s nd 3 D transition in He. Draw an energy-level diagram, taking the spin-orbit coupling that splits terms into levels into account. Into how many levels does each term split?...

The principal line in the emission spectrum of sodium is yellow. On close examination, the line is seen to be a doublet with wavelengths of 589.0 and 589.6 nm. Explain the source of this doublet.

Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations. (a) (b) (c) (d) OEt EtO

Use the transition frequencies shown in Example Problem 22.7 to calculate the energy (in joules and electron-volts) of the six levels relative to the 3s 2 S 1/2 level. State your answers with the...

Predict the major product obtained when each of the following amines is treated with a mixture of NaNO 2 and HCl: (a) (b) (c) (d) NH2 Z

Draw the structure of each of the following compounds: (a) Cyclohexylmethylamine (b) Tricyclobutylamine (c) 2,4-Diethylaniline (d) (1R,2S)-2-Methylcyclohexanamine (e) ortho-Aminobenzaldehyde

Meta-Bromoaniline was treated with NaNO 2 and HCl to yield a diazonium salt. Draw the product obtained when that diazonium salt is treated with each of the following reagents: (a) H 2 O (b) HBF 4 (c)...

Evaluate the energy for the two MOs generated by combining a H1s and a F2p AO. Use Equation (23.12) and carry out the calculation for S HF = 0.075, 0.18, and 0.40 to mimic the effect of increasing...

Sketch the molecular orbital energy diagram for the radical OH based on what you know about the corresponding diagram for HF. How will the diagrams differ? Characterize the HOMO and LUMO as...

Why are the magnitudes of the coefficients c a and c b in the H 2 + wave functions g and u equal?

The two linearly independent total energy eigenfunctions for rotation in two dimensions are What is the evolution in time of for each of these solutions? 1 , (0) 1 e and o_(0) 2T |-4 1,

The following images show contours of constant electron density for H 2 calculated using the methods described in Chapter 26. The values of electron density are (a) 0.10, (b) 0.15, (c) 0.20, (d)...

The molecular electrostatic potential maps for LiH and HF are shown here. Does the apparent size of the hydrogen atom (shown as a white sphere) tell you whether it is an electron acceptor or an...

Express the rate of reaction with respect to each species in the following reactions: a. 2NO(g) + O 2 (g) N 2 O 4 (g) b. H 2 (g) + I 2 (g) 2HI(g) c. ClO (g) + BrO (g) ClO 2 (g) + Br(g)

Calculate the bond order in each of the following species. Which of the species in parts (a)(d) do you expect to have the shorter bond length? a. Li 2 or Li + 2 b. C 2 or C + 2 c. O 2 or O + 2 d. F 2...

A tube of superglue will harden if it remains open too long in a humid environment. Draw a mechanism that shows how superglue polymerizes in the presence of atmospheric moisture. When drawing your...

Kevlar is a condensation polymer used in the manufacture of bulletproof vests. Identify the monomers required for the preparation of Kevlar. Kevlar

The beam is supported by two rods AB and CD that have cross-sectional areas of 12 mm 2 and 8 mm 2 , respectively. Determine the position d of the 6-kN load so that the average normal stress in each...

The gas-phase decomposition of ethyl bromide is a first-order reaction, occurring with a rate constant that demonstrates the following dependence on temperature: a. Determine the Arrhenius parameters...

Consider the unimolecular isomerization of methylcyanide, a reaction that will be discussed in detail in Chapter 36: CH 3 NC(g) CH 3 CN(g) The Arrhenius parameters for this reaction are A = 2.5 10...

Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at points B and C of the curved member. A 45 2 ft 500 lb 30

The hand crank that is used in a press has the dimensions shown. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at point A if a vertical force of 50 lb is applied to the handle...

The boom DF of the jib crane and the column DE have a uniform weight of 50 lb/ft. If the supported load is 300 lb, determine the resultant internal loadings in the crane on cross sections at points...

The following compound has one aldehyde group and two OH groups: Under acidic conditions, either one of the OH groups can function as a nucleophile and attack the carbonyl group, giving rise to two...

Salicin is a natural analgesic present in the bark of willow trees, and it has been used for thousands of years to treat pain and reduce fevers. (a) Is salicin a reducing sugar? (b) Identify the...

How many different pentapeptides can be constructed from the 20 naturally occurring amino acids in the following table? Abbreviation Name Structure Abbreviation Name Structure Amino acids with polar...

The rigid beam is supported by a pin at C and an A-36 steel guy wire AB. If the wire has a diameter of 0.2 in., determine how much it stretches when a distributed load of w = 100 lb/ft acts on the...

Identify the monomers required to make each of the following condensation polymers. (a) (b)

Draw the monomer(s) required to make each of the following condensation polymers: (a) (b) Z Z Z

Kodel is a synthetic polyester with the following structure. (a) Identify what monomers you would use to make Kodel. (b) Would you use acidic conditions or basic conditions for this polymerization...

Polyformaldehyde, sold under the trade name Delrin, is a strong polymer used in the manufacture of many guitar picks. It is prepared via the acid-catalyzed polymerization of formaldehyde. (a) Draw...

The metal stud punch is subjected to a force of 120 N on the handle. Determine the magnitude of the reactive force at the pin A and in the short link BC. Also, determine the resultant internal...

If the gears are subjected to the torques shown, determine the maximum shear stress in the segments AB and BC of the A-36 steel shaft. The shaft has a diameter of 40 mm. 300 N-m 100 N-m 200 N-m

The copper pipe has an outer diameter of 40 mm and an inner diameter of 37 mm. If it is tightly secured to the wall and three torques are applied to it, determine the absolute maximum shear stress...

The assembly consists of two posts AB and CD each made from material 1 having a modulus of elasticity of E 1 and a cross-sectional area A1, and a central post EF made from material 2 having a modulus...

The A-36 solid steel shaft is 2 m long and has a diameter of 60 mm. It is required to transmit 60 kW of power from the moor M to the pump P. Determine the smallest angular velocity the shaft if the...

Rods AB and BC have diameters of 4 mm and 6 mm, respectively. If the 3 kN force is applied to the ring at B, determine the angle θ so that the average normal stress in each rod is...

If the allowable tensile stress for wires AB and AC is Ï allow = 200 MPa, determine the required diameter of each wire if the applied load is P = 6 kN. 45

Determine the shear strain γ xy at corners D and C if the plastic distorts as shown by the dashed lines. y 12 mm 4 mm 8 mm IB 3 mm 300 mm 12 mm |A -400 mm- 5 mm

The steel shaft has a diameter of 40 mm and is fixed at its ends A and B. If it is subjected to the couple, determine the maximum shear stress in regions AC and CB of the shaft. G st = 75 GPa. 3 kN A...

A portion of an airplane fuselage can be approximated by the cross section shown. If the thickness of its 2014-T6-aluminum skin is 10 mm, determine the maximum wing torque T that can be applied if...

The shaft is made of an elastic perfectly plastic material as shown. Plot the shear-stress distribution acting along a radial line if it is subjected to a torque of T = 20 kN m. What is the residual...

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam, and determine the shear and moment in the beam as functions of x for 0 ¤ x < 4 ft, 4 ft < x < 10 ft, and 10 ft < x < 14 ft. 250 Ib 250 lb 150...

If the force applied to the handle of the load binder is 50 lb, determine the tensions T 1 and T 2 in each end of the chain and then draw the shear and moment diagrams for the arm ABC. 50 lb F12 in.-...

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam. 2 kip/ft 30 kip-ft -5 ft- -5 ft -5 ft

Members ABC and BD of the counter chair are rigidly connected at B and the smooth collar at D is allowed to move freely along the vertical post. Draw the shear and moment diagrams for member ABC. -P...

The beam is constructed from four pieces of wood, glued together as shown. If M = 10 kip ft, determine the maximum bending stress in the beam. Sketch a threedimensional view of the stress...

The beam is made from three boards nailed together as shown. If the moment acting on the cross section is M = 600 N m, determine the resultant force the bending stress produces on the top board. 25...

The beam has a rectangular cross section with b = 4 in. Determine the largest maximum intensity w 0 of the triangular distributed load that can be supported if the allowable bending stress is Ï...

For the curved beam in Fig. 640a, show that when the radius of curvature approaches infinity, the curved-beam formula, Eq. 624, reduces to the flexure formula, Eq. 613.

Determine the maximum allowable intensity w of the uniform distributed load that can be applied to the beam. Assume w passes through the centroid of the beams crosssectional area, and the beam is...