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Finance for Non Financial Managers 7th edition Pierre Bergeron - Solutions
How can government agencies help businesses?
Differentiate between a secured bond and an unsecured bond.
What is the purpose of a subordinated debt?
Why are suppliers considered an important source of financing?
What factors should a company consider before selecting a chartered bank as a lender?
Differentiate between a seasonal loan and revolving credit.
Differentiate between an operating lease and a financial lease.
If you were to provide a term loan to a small business entrepreneur, what provisions would you include in the contract to protect your interest?
Identify the six C’s of credit.
Is it easier for a big firm to obtain a loan than a small business? Explain.
What steps are involved when making a public issue?
What is the purpose of a risk capital investor? Comment on some of them.
Do you believe that leasing would be as popular if income taxes did not exist? Explain.
A company needs $1.2 million to invest in different types of assets and operating expenses to launch a new line of products. With the following information, make a list of the company’s financial needs and financingrequirements.
How much additional cash could a company obtain from its working capital accounts if it can improve its inventory turnover by 0.2 times and average collection period by 5 days? The company’s inventories are $500,000, and trade receivables are $250,000. The company’s revenue is estimated at $1.8
Calculate the annual payment, finance costs, and principal repayments on a $300,000 loan with a 10% interest rate over four years.
During the next four months, a furniture manufacturer will be entering its holiday season. Management expects commercial trade receivables to reach $900,000 and will be seeking a bank loan that will finance 60% of the receivables. The bank charges 8% and an additional 1% service fee of the pledged
A furniture company is considering using a factor to manage its trade receivables. The company has $1,600,000 in trade receivables with a 70-day average collection period. The factor charges a 10% reserve for returns and allowances, a 2% factoring commission, and an annual interest rate of 4% over
In a lease-or-buy decision, a four-year lease could be arranged with annual lease payments of $90,000, payable at the beginning of each year. The tax shield from lease payments is available at year-end. The firm’s tax rate is 40%. The machine costs $500,000 and has a four-year expected life, and
Hull Manufacturing Co. must decide whether to purchase or lease a new piece of equipment. The equipment can be leased for $4,000 a year or purchased for $15,000. The lease includes maintenance and service. The salvage value of the equipment at the end of five years is $5,000. If the equipment is
Calculate the amount of additional cash that a company could raise from suppliers if its trade credit is extended by 10 days. Assume that the company’s trade payables are $300,000 and that it buys $2,300,000 from various suppliers yearly.
There are three types of risk-related financing options: business risk, financial risk, and instrument risk. List each of the following under the appropriate risk concept:Bonds .............. Leverage Insolvency ............ More debt Business variations ........ Mortgage Finance costs
Match the following words with the six C’s of credit: character, collateral, capacity, capital, circumstances, and coverage. • Business environment• Security• Insurance• Equity versus debt• Cash flow• Trust
Match the following with the following equity investors: shareholders, risk capital investors, and government institutions. • Venture capitalist• Common shareholders• Export Development Canada• Angel investors• Preferred shareholders• Business Development Bank of Canada
Which of the following are collective rights? Which are specific rights?• Amend the articles of the incorporation• Vote in the manner prescribed by the corporate charter• Sell a share• Adopt and amend bylaws • Inspect corporate books• Elect the directors • Authorize the sale of
a) If a company borrows $300,000 for four years at 10%, what would the annual loan payments be?b) If the company borrows $650,000 for 10 years at 12%, what would the annual loan payments be?
During the next four months, a company is considering approaching banks to finance its increased level of working capital. The company expects to increase its working capital needs by $30,000 and hopes to obtain 55% financing from the bank. The bank manager said that it would cost them $700 in
In April 2013, Miriam and Ben Friedman were thinking about starting their own business, Grip Case Inc. Their objective was to produce and market inexpensive attaché cases. It was not their intention to compete directly against expensive cases produced by such companies as Samsonite, Hartmann,
Management of Baldwin Equipment Inc. is considering increasing the productivity of its plant. Management heard from suppliers that a certain piece of equipment could have an after-tax cash flow savings of more than $35,000 a year if it was installed in Baldwin’s plant. However, Jim Henderson, the
Comment on the major components of finance.
How is the weighted average cost of financing calculated?
Differentiate between debt financing and common share financing.
What is the difference between weighted average cost of financing and weighted average cost of capital?
What is the meaning of economic value added (EVA)? What does it measure? Why is it important?
What is the purpose of calculating the cost of capital?
What are the major elements of the cost of capital?
What is the relationship between the cost of capital and the internal rate of return?
What is the objective of using the leverage analysis technique?
What is the purpose of financial leverage analysis?
How can leverage analysis be used to determine whether a plant should be modified or not?
What does the dividend irrelevance theory suggest?
A company wants to raise $50 million to finance the following capital expenditure projects, with their respective rates of return.Project A ……………………. 8%Project B ……………………. 9%Project C
From the following financing sources, identify the company’s financial structure and capital structure and calculate the proportion or weight of each.Sources
Use the information in Exercise 2 and the following costs for individual financing sources to calculate the company’s weighted average after-tax cost of financing and cost of capital.Sources AmountsRetained earnings ........... $450,000Share capital .............300,000Trade and other payables
Oscar Lewitt, CEO of Ingram Corporation, had just read in a recent issue of Fortune magazine an article entitled “America’s Wealth Creators” and noticed several names of corporations he was familiar with, such as Microsoft, General Electric, Intel, Walmart, Coca-Cola, Merck, and Pfizer. These
Daniel and Evelyn are considering buying a house valued at $250,000. They have combined savings of $20,000, and the bank approved a $200,000 first mortgage. Another financial institution agreed to provide them with a $20,000 second mortgage. Also, Daniel has just won $10,000 from a lottery. If
One of the capital expenditure projects included in a company’s capital budget was a $10 million investment for the construction of a new manufacturing facility in South America. The preliminary information provided by the financial analysis department of the company indicated that the project
The CEO of an electronics business was contemplating going public. Assume that the prospectus shows an expansion plan that would cost $20 million, and the CEO wants to raise funds from the following sources:a) $8 million from common shares. Each share would be sold for $15 and yield $2 in
Silverado Inc. is contemplating spending $25 million to expand its mining operation, a project that is considered to have a reasonable amount of risk. Based on some initial analysis, the project would expand the operation’s production output by 18% and provide a 15% return on investment.Before
Use the following information to calculate the company’s operating leverage, financial leverage, and combined leverage:Sales volume ………………………… 100,000 unitsPrice per unit ………………………… $
Using the data in Exercise 9, assume that the company wants to make its plant more automated and is able to reduce the variable costs to $7.30 per unit, increase the fixed costs by $100,000 (i.e., to $200,000), and increase the finance costs from $25,000 to $35,000.Calculate the new operating
In 2014, Pirex Ltd. earned $6 million in profit for the year. The company had 2.3 million shares outstanding and paid $3.0 million in dividends. The market price for each share was $15.00.Calculate the following:a) The company’s EPSb) The company’s dividends per sharec) The company’s dividend
Sharco Systems Inc., a manufacturer of auto parts, wants to make inroads in the European and Asian markets. Sharco’s executives know it will be difficult because of the strongly entrenched existing competitors in those markets. However, the company executives believe that if they formulate
Explain why money has a time value.
What differentiates time value of money and risk?
What do the symbols, PMT, A, and S mean?
Explain the Rule of 72.
Why are cash and time critical elements in investment decisions?
Why is time value more important in gauging capital decisions than the traditional accounting methods?
How can the internal rate of return help managers gauge the economic value added of investment decisions when compared with cost of capital?
Within the capital budgeting framework, give a few examples to explain the difference between cash inflows and cash outflows.
Evelyn Kent€™s projected statement of income for 2013 is as follows:Prepare Evelyn Kent€™s projected statements of income for 2014, 2015, and 2016 based on the following annual inflation rates: revenue (3%), cost of sales (2.5%), administrative expenses (2.0%), and distribution
With an 8% interest rate, calculate the (1) Net future value (2) Net present value with the following five-year cash flow projections.Years
You have a choice between receiving(1) A $50,000 payment today,(2) A $7,500 annuity for the next 10 years and a lump-sum amount of $20,000 at the end of the10th year. If money is worth 10%, which option is the most attractive?
Suppose you were offered the following options: a 10-year annuity of $10,000 at the end of each year or a $60,000 lump-sum payment today. If you want to make 10%, which option would you prefer? To answer this question, calculate the present value of both options and the future value of both
Su Mei’s parents want to put enough money aside for her education by the time she goes to university 10 years from now. If they invest the amounts listed below at the beginning of each year, how much will Su Mei’s education fund have grown by the end of the fifth year and tenth year? Assume
How much would you be willing to pay for an investment fund that is expected to generate $1,000 at the end of two years, $1,500 at the end of three years, and $2,000 at the end of four years if you wanted to earn 16% annual interest on your investment?
If money is worth 12%, would you prefer receiving $200,000 now or $30,000 each year for the next 10 years?1. What is the value of each amount 10 years from now?2. What is today’s present value of each amount?3. How much would you have to receive each year to be equivalent to receiving $200,000
Two young entrepreneurs want to invest $150,000 in a restaurant. Their business plan shows that the restaurant will generate $40,000 in cash from year one to year five and $50,000 from year 6 to year 10. They want to earn at least 20%. Use this information to calculate (a) The present value, (b)
You plan to invest $150,000 in a retail business. The projected 10-year cash flows are as follows:Year 1 ……………………………. $20,000Year 2 ……………………………. $21,000Year 3 ……………………………. $22,000Year 4
If you invest $10,000 at 8%, how much will your investment be worth at the end of the following time periods?a) 5 yearsb) 10 yearsc) 15 years
If you receive an inheritance and have two payment options, would you prefer $85,000 now or payments made at the beginning of each year in the following way?Year 1 ..........$20,000Year 2 ..........$25,000Year 3 ..........$15,000Year 4 ..........$10,000Year 5 ..........$25,000Calculate the future
If you were to sell a new car, and the terms of the agreement were that you received $5,000 as a down payment and three payments of $10,000 each year for the next three years, what would be the real purchase price of the car if the interest rate were 5%?
Jan Schmidt is 45 years old and has the option of buying a farm for $500,000 or investing his money in an equity fund that has earned 14% over the past seven years. Discussion with a few investment analysts has led him to believe that this fund’s performance could continue over the next 20 years.
In 2013, Ed intends to invest $1,500,000 in a bowling alley. After two years of operation, he plans to invest an extra $450,000 in the business by opening a restaurant. In 10 years, Ed anticipates selling the business for $3 million. Ed’s cost of capital will be 11%. Ed would like to earn
Differentiate between a capital investment and an expense investment.
Why is working capital part of cash payouts in a capital investment, and what is its makeup?
Differentiate between time risk and risk conditions.
What does the net present value measure?
How is the internal rate of return calculated?
What is sensitivity analysis? Discuss.
Why does the weighted average cost of capital affect investment capability and risk tolerance?
What are compulsory investments? Give several examples.
What are the critical steps involved in the capital budgeting process?
Why are accounting methods not reliable yardsticks for measuring the economic desirability of capital projects?
What are the arguments for and against the payback method?
“Capital budgets are neither absolute limits on investment nor automatically affected by project ranking on purely quantitative grounds” Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain.
With the following information, calculate the project’s (1) Profit for the year, (2) Cash flow: operating profit ($200,000); capital cost allowance ($50,000); other expenses ($100,000); and income tax rate (40%).
With the following capital budgeting elements, identify the cash outflows and cash inflows that you would use to judge the attractiveness of a project by using the time-value-of-money yardsticks: capital assets ($1.5 million), working capital in year 1 ($500,000) and year 2 ($200,000), salaries
XYZ Inc. wants to invest $1 million in a capital project that would generate $300,000 in savings each year. The physical life of the project is 10 years, and the cost of capital is 10%. Using the above information, calculate the following:1. Payback period2. Net present value3. Internal rate of
You have some cash and the opportunity to buy a small retail store downtown for $700,000. This price includes all physical assets in the retail store and the inventories. You also have the option of buying $700,000 of mutual funds that pay 14% interest. The annual cash flow from the retail store
With the following capital budgeting elements, identify the cash outflows and cash inflows that you would use to judge the project by using the time-value-of-money yardsticks. Also, calculate the projects (1) Net present value, (2) Internal rate of return, (3) Payback period, (4) Profitability
Aaron Manufacturing Inc. intends to invest $70,000 in a modernization capital project that will generate the following cash inflows during eight years:Year___________________________1 ……………………………$12,0002 …………………………… 17,0003
Luster Electronics Company is analyzing two capital projects, project A and project B. Each has an initial capital cost of $12,000, and the weighted average cost of capital for both projects is 12%. The projected annual cash flows are as follows:1. For each project, calculate the following:•
Smith Manufacturing is subject to a 45% income tax rate and a 12% hurdle rate. Management is considering buying a new finishing machine that is expected to cost $200,000 and reduce materials waste by $60,000 a year. The machine is expected to have a 10-year lifespan and will have a zero salvage
With the following information, calculate the projects(1) Net present value,(2) Internal rate of return:Sensitivity analysisCalculate, for each of the following, the NPV, IRR, and payback period if(a) Capital assets are increased by 10%.(b) Working capital is increased by 5%(c) Cash inflows are
You have two options: to buy or to lease a video store.Option 1: PurchaseIf you want to make 25% on your money, should you buy the video store? To answer this question, calculate the following:1. Net present value2. Internal rate of returnOption 2: LeasingYou can lease a video store in another
One of Excel Products Ltd.’s strategies is to invest in new product lines. This involves periodic investments in research and development, plant, equipment, and working capital. This year, the company invested $4 million in a research and development project to develop a new product.The managers
The board of directors of Koplaye Instruments Inc. is considering investing more than $5.8 million in the construction of a new plant to produce widgets for export. Although several members of the board have reservations about the project, many feel that the company has made a wise decision. The
Differentiate between market value and book value.
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