Introductory Chemistry version 1.0 1st edition David W. Ball - Solutions

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A cylindrical hoop, a cylinder, and a sphere of equal radius and mass are released at the same time from the top of an inclined plane. Using the conservation of mechanical energy, show that the sphere always gets to the bottom of the incline first with the fastest speed and that the hoop always
For the following objects, which all roll without slip-ping, determine the rotational kinetic energy about the center of mass as a percentage of the total kinetic energy: (a) A solid sphere, (b) A thin spherical shell, and (c) A thin cylindrical shell.
(a) When a disk rolls without slipping, should the product be (1) greater than, (2) equal to, or (3) less than vCM? (b) A disk with a radius of 0.15 m rotates through 270° as it travels 0.71 m. Does the disk roll with-out slipping? Prove your answer.
An industrial flywheel with a moment of inertia of rotates with a speed of 7500 rpm. (a) How much work is required to bring the flywheel to rest? (b) If this work is done uniformly in 1.5 min, how much power is required?
A hollow, thin-shelled ball and a solid ball of equal mass are rolled up an inclined plane (without slipping) with both balls having the same initial velocity at the bottom of the plane. (a) Which ball rolls higher on the incline before coming to rest? (b) Do the radii of the balls make a
A steel ball rolls down an incline into a loop-the-loop of radius R (Fig. 8.52a).(a) What minimum speed must the ball have at the top of the loop in order to stay on the track? (b) At what vertical height (h) on the incline, in terms of the radius of the loop, must the ball be released in order
What is the angular momentum of a 2.0-g particle moving counterclockwise (as viewed from above) with an angular speed of in a horizontal circle of radius 15 cm? (Give the magnitude and direction.)
A 10-kg rotating disk of radius 0.25 m has an angular momentum of 0.45 kg ∙ m2/s. What is the angular speed of the disk?
Compute the ratio of the magnitudes of the Earth’s orbital angular momentum and its rotational angular momentum. Are these momenta in the same direction?
The Earth revolves about the Sun and spins on its axis, which is tilted 23 1/2o to its orbital plane. (a) Assuming a circular orbit, what is the magnitude of the angular momentum associated with the Earth’s orbital motion about the Sun? (b) What is the magnitude of the angular momentum
The period of the Moon’s rotation is the same as the period of its revolution: 27.3 days (sidereal). What is the angular momentum for each rotation and revolution? (Because the periods are equal, we see only one side of the Moon from Earth.)
Circular disks are used in automobile clutches and transmissions. When a rotating disk couples to a stationary one through frictional force, the energy from the rotating disk can transfer to the stationary one. (a) Is the angular speed of the coupled disks (1) greater than, (2) less than, or (3)
A bocce ball with a diameter of 6.00 cm rolls with-out slipping on a level lawn. It has an initial angular speed of and comes to rest after 2.50 m. Assuming constant deceleration, determine (a) The magnitude of its angular deceleration and (b) The magnitude of the maximum tangential acceleration
An ice skater has a moment of inertia of 100 kg ∙m2 when his arms are outstretched and a moment of inertia of 75 kg ∙ m2 when his arms are tucked in close to his chest. If he starts to spin at an angular speed of 2.0 rps (revolutions per second) with his arms outstretched, what will his angular
An ice skater spinning with outstretched arms has an angular speed of 4.0 rad/s. She tucks in her arms, decreasing her moment of inertia by 7.5%. (a) What is the resulting angular speed? (b) By what factor does the skater’s kinetic energy change? (Neglect any frictional effects.) (c) Where
A billiard ball at rest is struck (bold arrow in Fig. 8.53) by a cue with an average force of 5.50 N lasting for 0.050 s. The cue contacts the ball€™s surface so that the lever arm is half the radius of the ball, as shown. If the cue ball has a mass of 200 g and a radius of 2.50 cm,
A comet approaches the Sun as illustrated in Fig. 8.54 and is deflected by the Sun€™s gravitational attraction. This event is considered a collision, and b is called the impact parameter. Find the distance of closest approach (d) in terms of the impact parameter and the velocities (vo at
While repairing his bicycle, a student turns it upside down and sets the front wheel spinning at 2.00 rev/s. Assume the wheel has a mass of 3.25 kg and all of the mass is located on the rim, which has a radius of 41.0 cm. To slow the wheel, he places his hand on the tire, thereby exerting a
A kitten stands on the edge of a lazy Susan (a turntable). Assume that the lazy Susan has frictionless bearings and is initially at rest. (a) If the kitten starts to walk around the edge of the lazy Susan, the lazy Susan will (1) remain lazy and stationary, (2) rotate in the direction opposite
A small heavy object of mass m is attached to a thin string to make a simple pendulum whose length is L. When the object is pulled aside by a horizontal force F it is in static equilibrium and the string makes a constant angle from the vertical. (a) The tension in the string should be (1) the same
A bowling ball with a diameter of 21.6 cm is rolling down a level alley surface at without slipping. Assume the ball is uniform and made of plastic with a density of 800 kg/m3. (a) What is the angular speed of the ball? (b) Calculate the speed (relative to the alley surface) of a point on top of
A solid cylindrical 10-kg roll of roofing paper with a radius of 15 cm, starting from rest rolls down a roof with a incline (Fig. 8.55).(a) If the cylinder rolls 4.0 m without slipping, what is the angular speed about its center when leaving the roof? (b) If the roof edge of the house is 6.0 m
A flat cylindrical grinding wheel is spinning at 2000 rpm (clockwise when viewed head-on) when its power is suddenly turned off. Normally, if left alone, it takes 45.0 s to coast to rest. Assume the grinder has a moment of inertia of 2.43 kg ∙ m2. (a) Determine its angular acceleration during
A cylinder with a diameter of 20 cm rolls with an angular speed of on a level surface. If the cylinder experiences a uniform tangential acceleration of without slipping until its angular speed is 0.018 m/s2, through how many complete revolutions does the cylinder rotate during the time it
Modern bowling alleys have automatic ball returns. The ball is lifted to a height of 2.00 m at the end of the alley and, starting from rest, rolls down a ramp. It continues to roll horizontally and eventually rolls up a ramp at the other end that is 0.500 m off the ground. Assuming the mass of the
In a €œmodern art€ exhibit, a multicolored empty industrial wire spool is suspended from two light wires as shown in Fig. 8.56. The spool has a mass of 50.0 kg, with an outer diameter of 75.0 cm and an inner axle diameter of 18.0 cm. One wire is attached tangentially to the
A flat, solid cylindrical grinding wheel with a diameter of 20.2 cm is spinning at 3000 rpm when its power is suddenly turned off. A workman continues to press his tool bit toward the wheel’s center at the wheel’s circumference so as to continue to grind as the wheel coasts to a stop. If the
A uniform sphere of mass 2.50 kg and radius 15.0 cm is released from rest at the top of an incline that is 5.25 m long and makes an angle of with the horizontal. Assuming it rolls without slipping, (a) Determine its total kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline. (b) Determine its rotational
A stationary ice skater with a mass of 80.0 kg and a moment of inertia (about her central vertical axis) of catches a baseball with her outstretched arm. The catch is made at a distance of 1.00 m from the central axis. The ball has a mass of 145 g and is traveling at before the catch. (a) What
In Fig. 8.4a, if the arm makes a angle with the horizontal and a torque of 18 m ˆ™ N is to be produced, what force must the biceps muscle supply?
How many atmospheres are there in 1,022 torr?
For a 0.00554 mol sample of H2, P = 23.44 torr and T = 557 K. What is its volume?
What pressure of HCl is generated if 3.44 g of Cl2 are reacted in 4.55 L at 455 KH2(g) + Cl2(g) ( 2HCl(g)
What volume does 4.87 mol of Kr have at STP?
What volume of HCl is generated if 3.44 g of Cl2 are reacted at STP?H2(g) + Cl2(g) ( 2HCl(g)
What is the density of CO2 at a pressure of 0.0079 atm and 227 K? (These are the approximate atmospheric conditions on Mars.)
Air can be thought of as a mixture of N2 and O2. In 760 torr of air, the partial pressure of N2 is 608 torr. What is the partial pressure of O2?
If 0.75 atm of He in a 2.00 L container is connected to a 3.00 L container with 0.35 atm of Ne and the containers are opened, what is the resulting total pressure?
CO2, generated by the decomposition of CaCO3, is collected in a 3.50 L container over water. If the temperature is 50°C and the total pressure inside the container is 833 torr, how many moles of CO2 were generated?
What are the mole fractions when 0.65 atm of O2 and 1.30 atm of N2 are mixed in a container?
Atmospheric pressure is low in the eye of a hurricane. In a 1979 hurricane in the Pacific Ocean, a pressure of 0.859 atm was reported inside the eye. What is this pressure in torr?
If P1 = 334 torr, V1 = 37.8 mL, and P2 = 102 torr, what is V2?
If V1 = 456 mL, P1 = 308 torr, and P2 = 1.55 atm, what is V2?
If V1 = 3.77 L and T1 = 255K, what is V2 if T2 = 123 K?
If V1 = 623 mL, T1 = 255°C, and V2 = 277 mL, what is T2?
A 12.8 L volume of gas contains 3.00 × 1020 gas particles. At constant temperature and pressure, what volume does 8.22 × 1018 gas particles fill?
If P1 = 662 torr, V1 = 46.7 mL, T1 = 266 K, P2 = 409 torr, and T2 = 371 K, what is V2?
A 0.0997 mol sample of O2 has a pressure of 0.692 atm and a temperature of 333 K. What is its volume?
State the ideas behind the kinetic theory of gases.
Define ideal gas. Does an ideal gas exist?
How many millimeters of mercury are in 0.334 atm?
How many millimeters of mercury are in 334 torr?
How many torr are in 0.777 mmHg?
How many pascals are there in 1 torr?
A pressure of 0.887 atm equals how many pascals?
Define and relate three units of pressure.
If a force of 16.7 N is pressed against an area of 2.44 m2, what is the pressure in pascals?
If a force of 2,546 N is pressed against an area of 0.0332 m2, what is the pressure in pascals?
How many atmospheres are in 889 mmHg?
How many atmospheres are in 223 torr?
How many torr are in 2.443 atm?
Define gas law. What restrictions are there on the units that can be used for the physical properties?
A gas has an initial pressure of 87.0 torr and an initial volume of 28.5 mL. What is its new volume if pressure is changed to 206 torr? Assume temperature and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial volume of 638 mL and an initial pressure of 779 torr. What is its final volume in liters if its pressure is changed to 0.335 atm? Assume temperature and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial volume of 0.966 L and an initial pressure of 3.07 atm. What is its final pressure in torr if its volume is changed to 3,450 mL? Assume temperature and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial volume of 67.5 mL and an initial temperature of 315 K. What is its new volume if temperature is changed to 244 K? Assume pressure and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial volume of 2.033 L and an initial temperature of 89.3 K. What is the volume if temperature is changed to 184 K? Assume pressure and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial volume of 655 mL and an initial temperature of 295 K. What is its new temperature if volume is changed to 577 mL? Assume pressure and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial volume of 14.98 L and an initial temperature of 238 K. What is its new temperature if volume is changed to 12.33 L? Assume pressure and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial volume of 685 mL and an initial temperature of 29°C. What is its new temperature if volume is changed to 1.006 L? Assume pressure and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial volume of 3.08 L and an initial temperature of −73°C. What is its new volume if temperature is changed to 104°C? Assume pressure and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial pressure of 1.445 atm and an initial volume of 1.009 L. What is its new pressure if volume is changed to 0.556 L? Assume temperature and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial pressure of 633 torr and an initial volume of 87.3 mL. What is its new pressure if volume is changed to 45.0 mL? Assume temperature and amount are held constant.
A gas has an initial pressure of 4.33 atm and an initial volume of 5.88 L. What is its new volume if pressure is changed to 0.506 atm? Assume temperature and amount are held constant.
Use the combined gas law to complete this table. Assume that the amount remains constant in all cases.
A gas starts at the conditions 78.9 mL, 3.008 atm, and 56°C. Its conditions change to 35.6 mL and 2.55 atm. What is its final temperature?
The initial conditions of a sample of gas are 319 K, 3.087 L, and 591 torr. What is its final pressure if volume is changed to 2.222 L and temperature is changed to 299 K?
A gas starts with initial pressure of 7.11 atm, initial temperature of 66°C, and initial volume of 90.7 mL. If its conditions change to 33°C and 14.33 atm, what is its final volume?
A sample of gas doubles its pressure and doubles its absolute temperature. By what amount does the volume change?
Use Gay-Lussac’s law to determine the final pressure of a gas whose initial pressure is 602 torr, initial temperature is 356 K, and final temperature is 277 K. Assume volume and amount are held constant.
Use Gay-Lussac’s law to determine the final temperature of a gas whose initial pressure is 1.88 atm, initial temperature is 76.3 K, and final pressure is 6.29 atm. Assume volume and amount are held constant.
If 3.45 × 1022 atoms of Ar have a volume of 1.55 L at a certain temperature and pressure, what volume do 6.00 × 1023 atoms of Ar have at the same temperature and pressure?
If 5.55 × 1022 atoms of He occupy a volume of 2.06 L at 0(C at 1.00 atm pressure, what volume do 2.08 × 1023 atoms of He occupy under the same conditions?
Use Avogadro’s law to determine the final volume of a gas whose initial volume is 6.72 L, initial amount is 3.88 mol, and final amount is 6.10 mol. Assume pressure and temperature are held constant.
Use Avogadro’s law to determine the final amount of a gas whose initial volume is 885 mL, initial amount is 0.552mol, and final volume is 1,477mL. Assume pressure and temperature are held constant.
Use the combined gas law to complete this table. Assume that the amount remains constant in all cases.
A mercury lamp contains 0.0055 g of Hg vapor in a volume of 15.0 mL. If the operating temperature is 2,800 K, what is the pressure of the mercury vapor?
Oxygen is a product of the decomposition of mercury(II) oxide:2HgO(s) ( 2Hg(ℓ) + O2(g)What volume of O2 is formed from the decomposition of 3.009 g of HgO if the gas has a pressure of 744 torr and a temperature of 122°C?
Lithium oxide is used to absorb carbon dioxide:Li2O(s) + CO2(g) ( Li2CO3(s)What volume of CO2 can 6.77 g of Li2O absorb if the CO2 pressure is 3.5 × 10−4 atm and the temperature is 295 K?
What is the volume of 17.88 mol of Ar at STP?
How many moles are present in 334 L of H2 at STP?
How many liters, at STP, of CO2 are produced from 100.0 g of C8H18, the approximate formula of gasoline?2C8H18(ℓ) + 25O2(g) ( 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(ℓ)
How many liters, at STP, of O2 are required to burn 3.77 g of butane from a disposable lighter?2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) ( 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(ℓ)
What is the density of each gas at STP?a. Heb. Nec. Ard. Kr
What is the density of each gas at STP?a. H2b. O2c. N2
What is the density of SF6 at 335 K and 788 torr?
What is the density of Heat −200°C and 33.9 torr?
A sample of gas has a volume of 3.91 L, a temperature of 305 K, and a pressure of 2.09 atm. How many moles of gas are present?
A 3.88 mol sample of gas has a temperature of 28°C and a pressure of 885 torr. What is its volume?
A 0.0555 mol sample of Kr has a temperature of 188°C and a volume of 0.577 L. What pressure does it have?

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Introductory Chemistry version 1.0 1st edition David W. Ball - Solutions

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