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chemical engineering

Chemistry The Central Science 12th edition Theodore Brown, Eugene LeMay, Bruce Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward - Solutions

Balance the following equations: (a) CO(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) (b) N2O5 (g) + H2O(l) → HNO3(aq) (c) CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → CCl4(l) + HCl(g) (d) Al4C3(s) + H2O(l) → Al(OH)3 (s) + CH4(g) (e) C5H10O2(l) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) (f) Fe(OH)3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) + H2 O(l) (g) Mg3N2(s) +
Copper is an excellent electrical conductor widely used in making electric circuits. In producing a printed circuit board for the electronics industry, a layer of copper is laminated on a plastic board. A circuit pattern is then printed on the board using a chemically resistant polymer. The board
Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is a poisonous gas. The lethal dose is approximately 300 mg HCN per kilogram of air when inhaled. (a) Calculate the amount of HCN that gives the lethal dose in a small laboratory room measuring 12 × 15 × 8.0 ft. The density of air at 26 °C is 0.00118 g/cm3. (b) If the HCN
The source of oxygen that drives the internal combustion engine in an automobile is air. Air is a mixture of gases, principally N2 (~79%) and O2 (~20%). In the cylinder of an automobile engine, nitrogen can react with oxygen to produce nitric oxide gas, NO. As NO is emitted from the tailpipe of the
Balance the following equations: (a) Li(s) + N2(g) → Li3N(s) (b) TiCl4(l) + H2O(l) → TiO2(s) + HCl(aq) (c) NH4NO3(s) → N2(g) + O2(g) + H2O(g) (d) Ca3P2 (s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + PH3(g) (e) Al(OH)3(s) + H2SO4 (aq) → Al2 (SO4)3 (aq) + H2O(l) (f) AgNO3 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) → Ag2NO3 (s)
Write balanced chemical equations to correspond to each of the following descriptions:
Write balanced chemical equations to correspond to each of the following descriptions: (a) When sulfur trioxide gas reacts with water, a solution of sulfuric acid forms.(b) Boron sulfide, B2S3(s), reacts violently with water to form dissolved boric acid, H3BO3, and hydrogen sulfide gas.(c)
(a) When the metallic element sodium combines with the nonmetallic element bromine, Br2(l), how can you determine the chemical formula of the product? How do you know whether the product is a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature? Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (b) When
(a) Determine the chemical formula of the product formed when the metallic element aluminum combines with the nonmetallic element bromine, Br2. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (b) What products form when a compound containing C, H, and O is completely combusted in air? Write
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when(a) Mg(s) reacts with Cl2(g)(b) Barium carbonate decomposes into barium oxide and carbon dioxide gas when heated(c) The hydrocarbon styrene, C8H8(l), is combusted in air(d) Dimethylether, CH3OCH3(g), is combusted in air.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when(a) Calcium metal undergoes a combination reaction with O2(g)(b) Copper(II) hydroxide decomposes into copper(II) oxide and water when heated(c) Heptane, C7H16(l), burns in air(d) Methyl tert-butyl ether, C5H12O(l), burns in air.
Balance the following equations and indicate whether they are combination, decomposition, or combustion reactions: (a) C3H6(g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O(g) (b) NH4NO3(s) → N2O(g) + H2O(g) (c) C5H6O(I) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) (d) N2(g) + H2(g) → NH3(g) (e) K2O(s) + H2O(I) → KOH(aq)
Under appropriate experimental conditions, H2 and CO undergo a combination reaction to form CH3OH. The following drawing represents a sample of H2. Make a corresponding drawing of the CO needed to react completely with the H2. How did you arrive at the number of CO molecules in your drawing?
Balance the following equations and indicate whether they are combination, decomposition, or combustion reactions: (a) PbCO3(s) → PbO(s) + CO2(g) (b) C2H4(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) (c) Mg(s) + N2(g) → Mg3N2(s) (d) C7H8O2(I) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) (e) Al(s) + Cl2(g) → AlCl3(s)
Determine the formula weights of each of the following compounds: (a) Nitric acid,HNO3 (b) KMnO4 (c) Ca3(PO4)2 (d) Quartz, SiO2 (e) Gallium sulfide (f) Chromium(III) sulfate (g) Phosphorus trichloride.
Determine the formula weights of each of the following compounds: (a) Nitrous oxide, N2O, known as laughing gas and used as an anesthetic in dentistry (b) Benzoic acid, HC7H5O2, a substance used as a food preservative (c) Mg(OH)2, the active ingredient in milk of magnesia (d) Urea, (NH2)2CO, a
Calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen in the following compounds: (a) Morphine, C17H19NO3 (b) Codeine, C18H21NO3 (c) Cocaine, C17H21NO4 (d) Tetracycline, C22H24N2O8 (e) Digitoxin, C41H64O13 (f) Vancomycin, C66H75Cl2N9O24.
Calculate the percentage by mass of the indicated element in the following compounds: (a) Carbon in acetylene, C2H2, a gas used in welding (b) Hydrogen in ascorbic acid, HC6H7O6, also known as vitamin C (c) Hydrogen in ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, a substance used as a nitrogen fertilizer (d)
Based on the following structural formulas, calculate the percentage of carbon by mass present in each compound:(a)(b) (c)
Calculate the percentage of carbon by mass in each of the compounds represented by the following models:(a)(b) (c) (d)
(a) What is Avogadro's number, and how is it related to the mole? (b) What is the relationship between the formula weight of a substance and its molar mass?
Without doing any detailed calculations (but using a periodic table to give atomic weights), rank the following samples in order of increasing number of atoms: 0.50 mol H2O, 23 g Na, 6.0 × 1023 N2 molecules.
The following diagram represents the collection of elements formed by a decomposition reaction.(a) If the blue spheres represent N atoms and the red ones represent O atoms, what was the empirical formula of the original compound?(b) Could you draw a diagram representing the molecules of the
Without doing any detailed calculations (but using a periodic table to give atomic weights), rank the following samples in order of increasing number of atoms: 9.0 × 1023 molecules of H2O2, 2.0 mol CH4, 16 g O2.
What is the mass, in kilograms, of an Avogadro's number of people, if the average mass of a person is 160 lb? How does this compare with the mass of Earth, 5.98 × 1024 kg?
If Avogadro's number of pennies is divided equally among the 300 million men, women, and children in the United States, how many dollars would each receive? How does this compare with the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States, which was $14.4 trillion in 2008? (The GDP is the total
Calculate the following quantities: (a) Mass, in grams, of 0.105 mole of sucrose (C12H22O11) (b) Moles of Zn(NO3)2 in 143.50 g of this substance (c) Number of molecules in 1.0 × 10-6 mol CH3CH2OH (d) Number of N atoms in 0.410 mol NH3
Calculate the following quantities: (a) Mass, in grams, of 1.50 × 10-2 mol of CdS (b) Number of moles of NH4CI in 86.6 g of this substance (c) Number of molecules in 8.447 × 10-2 mol C6H6 (d) Number of O atoms in 6.25 × 10-3 mol Al(NO3)3
(a) What is the mass, in grams, of 2.50 × 10-3 mol of ammonium phosphate? (b) How many moles of chloride ions are in 0.2550 g of aluminum chloride? (c) What is the mass, in grams, of molecules of 7.70 × 1020 caffeine, C8H10N4O2? (d) What is the molar mass of cholesterol if 0.00105 mol has a mass
(a) What is the mass, in grams, of 1.223 mol of iron(III) sulfate? (b) How many moles of ammonium ions are in 6.955 g of ammonium carbonate? (c) What is the mass, in grams, of molecules of 1.50 × 1021 aspirin, C9H8O4? (d) What is the molar mass of diazepam (Valium®) if 0.05570 mol has a mass of
The molecular formula of allicin, the compound responsible for the characteristic smell of garlic, is C6H10OS2. (a) What is the molar mass of allicin? (b) How many moles of allicin are present in 5.00 mg of this substance? (c) How many molecules of allicin are in 5.00 mg of this substance? (d) How
The molecular formula of aspartame, the artificial sweetener marketed as NutraSweet®, is C14H18N2O5.(a) What is the molar mass of aspartame?(b) How many moles of aspartame are present in 1.00 mg of aspartame?(c) How many molecules of aspartame are present in 1.00 mg of aspartame?(d) How many
A sample of glucose, C6H12O6, contains 1.250 × 1021 carbon atoms. (a) How many atoms of hydrogen does it contain? (b) How many molecules of glucose does it contain? (c) How many moles of glucose does it contain? (d) What is the mass of this sample in grams?
A sample of the male sex hormone testosterone, C19H28O2, contains 3.88 × 1021 hydrogen atoms. (a) How many atoms of carbon does it contain? (b) How many molecules of testosterone does it contain? (c) How many moles of testosterone does it contain? (d) What is the mass of this sample in grams?
The allowable concentration level of vinyl chloride, C2H3Cl, in the atmosphere in a chemical plant is 2.0 × 10-6 g/L. How many moles of vinyl chloride in each liter does this represent? How many molecules per liter?
At least 25 μg of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijuana, is required to produce intoxication. The molecular formula of THC is C21H30O2. How many moles of THC does this 25 μg represent? How many molecules?
Give the empirical formula of each of the following compounds if a sample contains (a) 0.0130 mol C, 0.0390 mol H, and 0.0065 mol O (b) 11.66 g iron and 5.01 g oxygen (c) 40.0% C, 6.7% H, and 53.3% O by mass.
Determine the empirical formula of each of the following compounds if a sample contains (a) 0.104 mol K, 0.052 mol C, and 0.156 mol O (b) 5.28 g Sn and 3.37 g F (c) 87.5% N and 12.5% H by mass.
Determine the empirical formulas of the compounds with the following compositions by mass: (a) 10.4% C, 27.8% S, and 61.7% Cl (b) 21.7% C, 9.6% O, and 68.7% F (c) 32.79% Na, 13.02% Al, and the remainder F
Determine the empirical formulas of the compounds with the following compositions by mass: (a) 55.3% K, 14.6% P, and 30.1% O (b) 24.5% Na, 14.9% Si, and 60.6% F (c) 62.1% C, 5.21% H, 12.1% N, and the remainder O
A compound whose empirical formula is XF3 consists of 65% F by mass. What is the atomic mass of X?
The compound XCl4 contains 75.0% Cl by mass. What is the element X?
What is the molecular formula of each of the following compounds? (a) Empirical formula CH2, molar mass = 84 g/mol (b) Empirical formula NH2Cl, molar mass = 51.5 g/mol
Glycine, an amino acid used by organisms to make proteins, is represented by the following molecular model.(a) Write its molecular formula.(b) Determine its molar mass.(c) Calculate the mass of 3 moles of glycine.(d) Calculate the percent nitrogen by mass in glycine.
What is the molecular formula of each of the following compounds? (a) Empirical formula HCO2, molar mass = 90.0 g/mol (b) Empirical formula C2H4O, molar mass = 88 g/mol
Determine the empirical and molecular formulas of each of the following substances: (a) Styrene, a compound substance used to make Styrofoam® cups and insulation, contains 92.3% C and 7.7% H by mass and has a molar mass of 104 g/mol. (b) Caffeine, a stimulant found in coffee, contains 49.5% C,
Determine the empirical and molecular formulas of each of the following substances: (a) Ibuprofen, a headache remedy, contains 75.69% C, 8.80% H, and 15.51% O by mass, and has a molar mass of 206 g/mol. (b) Cadaverine, a foul-smelling substance produced by the action of bacteria on meat, contains
(a) Combustion analysis of toluene, a common organic solvent, gives 5.86 mg of CO2 and 1.37 mg of H2O. If the compound contains only carbon and hydrogen, what is its empirical formula? (b) Menthol, the substance we can smell in mentholated cough drops, is composed of C, H, and O. A 0.1005-g sample
(a) The characteristic odor of pineapple is due to ethyl butyrate, a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Combustion of 2.78 mg of ethyl butyrate produces 6.32 mg of CO2 and 2.58 mg of H2O.What is the empirical formula of the compound? (b) Nicotine, a component of tobacco, is composed
Valproic acid, used to treat seizures and bipolar disorder, is composed of C, H, and O. A 0.165-g sample is combusted in an apparatus such as that shown in Figure 3.14. The gain in mass of the H2O absorber is 0.166 g, whereas that of the CO2 absorber is 0.403 g. What empirical formula for valproic
Propenoic acid, as shown here,is a reactive organic liquid used in the manufacture of plastics, coatings, and adhesives. An unlabeled container is thought to contain this acid. A 0.2033-g sample is combusted in an apparatus such as that shown in Figure 3.14. The gain in mass of the H2O absorber is
Washing soda, a compound used to prepare hard water for washing laundry, is a hydrate, which means that a certain number of water molecules are included in the solid structure. Its formula can be written as Na2CO3 ∙ xH2O, where x is the number of moles of H2O per mole of Na2CO3.When a 2.558-g
Epsom salts, a strong laxative used in veterinary medicine, is a hydrate, which means that a certain number of water molecules are included in the solid structure. The formula for Epsom salts can be written as MgSO4 ∙ xH2O, where x indicates the number of moles of H2O per mole of MgSO4.When 5.061
Why is it essential to use balanced chemical equations when determining the quantity of a product formed from a given quantity of a reactant?
The following diagram represents a high-temperature reaction between CH4 and H2O. Based on this reaction, how many moles of each product can be obtained starting with 4.0 mol CH4?
Hydrofluoric acid, HF(aq), cannot be stored in glass bottles because compounds called silicates in the glass are attacked by the HF(aq). Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), for example, reacts as follows:(a) How many moles of HF are needed to react with 0.300 mol of Na2SiO3? (b) How many grams of NaF form
The reaction between potassium superoxide, KO2, and CO2,4 KO2 + 2 CO2 †’ 2K2CO3 + 3 O2is used as a source of O2 and absorber of CO2 in self-contained breathing equipment used by rescue workers.(a) How many moles of O2 are produced when 0.400 mol of KO2 reacts in this fashion? (b) How many
Several brands of antacids use Al(OH)3 to react with stomach acid, which contains primarily HCl: Al(OH)3(s) + HCl(aq)¡AlCl3(aq) + H2O(l) (a) Balance this equation. (b) Calculate the number of grams of HCl that can react with 0.500 g of Al(OH)3. (c) Calculate the number of grams of AlCl3 and the
An iron ore sample contains Fe2O3 together with other substances. Reaction of the ore with CO produces iron metal: Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) → Fe(s) + CO2(g) (a) Balance this equation. (b) Calculate the number of grams of CO that can react with 0.350 kg of Fe2O3. (c) Calculate the number of grams of Fe
Aluminum sulfide reacts with water to form aluminum hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction. (b) How many grams of aluminum hydroxide are obtained from 14.2 g of aluminum sulfide?
Calcium hydride reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (b) How many grams of calcium hydride are needed to form 4.500 g of hydrogen?
Automotive air bags inflate when sodium azide, NaN3, rapidly decomposes to its component elements: 2 NaN3(s) → 2 Na(s) + 3 N2(g) (a) How many moles of N2 are produced by the decomposition of 1.50 mol of NaN3? (b) How many grams of NaN3 are required to form 10.0 g of nitrogen gas? (c) How many
The complete combustion of octane, C8H18, the main component of gasoline, proceeds as follows: 2 C8H18(l) + 25 O2(g) → 16 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(g) (a) How many moles of O2 are needed to burn 1.50 mol of C8H18? (b) How many grams of O2 are needed to burn 10.0 g of C8H18? (c) Octane has a density of
A piece of aluminum foil 1.00 cm square and 0.550 mm thick is allowed to react with bromine to form aluminum bromide.(a) How many moles of aluminum were used? (The density of aluminum is 2.699 g/cm3.) (b) How many grams of aluminum bromide form, assuming the aluminum reacts completely?
Nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) react to form ammonia (NH3). Consider the mixture of N2 and H2 shown in the accompanying diagram. The blue spheres represent N, and the white ones represent H. Draw a representation of the product mixture, assuming that the reaction goes to completion. How did you
Detonation of nitroglycerin proceeds as follows:(a) If a sample containing 2.00 mL of nitroglycerin (density 1.592 g/mL is detonated, how many total moles of gas are produced? (b) If each mole of gas occupies 55 L under the conditions of the explosion, how many liters of gas are produced? (c) How
(a) Define the terms limiting reactant and excess reactant. (b) Why are the amounts of products formed in a reaction determined only by the amount of the limiting reactant? (c) Why should you base your choice of which compound is the limiting reactant on its number of initial moles, not on its
(a) Define the terms theoretical yield, actual yield, and percent yield. (b) Why is the actual yield in a reaction almost always less than the theoretical yield? (c) Can a reaction ever have 110% actual yield?
A manufacturer of bicycles has 4815 wheels, 2305 frames, and 2255 handlebars. (a) How many bicycles can be manufactured using these parts? (b) How many parts of each kind are left over? (c) Which part limits the production of bicycles?
A bottling plant has 126,515 bottles with a capacity of 355 mL, 108,500 caps, and 48,775 L of beverage. (a) How many bottles can be filled and capped? (b) How much of each item is left over? (c) Which component limits the production?
Sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide as follows: 2 NaOH(s) + CO2(g) → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) Which is the limiting reactant when 1.85 mol NaOH and 1.00 mol CO2 are allowed to react? How many moles of Na2CO3 can be produced? How many moles of the excess reactant remain after the completion of
Aluminum hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid as follows:Which is the limiting reactant when 0.500 mol Al(OH)3 and 0.500 mol H2SO4 are allowed to react? How many moles of Al2(SO4)3 can form under these conditions? How many moles of the excess reactant remain after the completion of the reaction?
The fizz produced when an Alka-Seltzer® tablet is dissolved in water is due to the reaction between sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and citric acid (H3C6H5O7):In a certain experiment 1.00 g of sodium bicarbonate and 1.00 g of citric acid are allowed to react. (a) Which is the limiting reactant? (b)
One of the steps in the commercial process for converting ammonia to nitric acid is the conversion of NH3 to NO: 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) → 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g) In a certain experiment, 2.00 g of NH3 reacts with 2.50 g of O2 (a) Which is the limiting reactant? (b) How many grams of NO and of H2O
Solutions of sodium carbonate and silver nitrate react to form solid silver carbonate and a solution of sodium nitrate. A solution containing 3.50 g of sodium carbonate is mixed with one containing 5.00 g of silver nitrate. How many grams of sodium carbonate, silver nitrate, silver carbonate, and
Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen react to form nitrogen dioxide. Consider the mixture of NO and O2 shown in the accompanying diagram. The blue spheres represent N, and the red ones represent O.(a) Draw a representation of the product mixture, assuming that the reaction goes to completion. What is the
Solutions of sulfuric acid and lead(II) acetate react to form solid lead(II) sulfate and a solution of acetic acid. If 5.00 g of sulfuric acid and 5.00 g of lead(II) acetate are mixed, calculate the number of grams of sulfuric acid, lead(II) acetate, lead(II) sulfate, and acetic acid present in the
When benzene (C6H6) reacts with bromine (Br2), bromobenzene (C6H5Br) is obtained: C6H6 + Br2 → C6H5Br + HBr (a) When 30.0 g of benzene reacts with 65.0 g of bromine, what is the theoretical yield of bromobenzene? (b) If the actual yield of bromobenzene is 42.3 g, what is the percentage yield?
When ethane (C2H6) reacts with chlorine (Cl2), the main product is C2H5Cl, but other products containing Cl, such as C2H4Cl2, are also obtained in small quantities. The formation of these other products reduces the yield of C2H5Cl. (a) Calculate the theoretical yield of C2H5Cl when 125 g of C2H6
Hydrogen sulfide is an impurity in natural gas that must be removed. One common removal method is called the Claus process, which relies on the reaction: 8 H2S(g) + 4 O2(g) → S8(l) + 8 H2O(g) Under optimal conditions the Claus process gives 98% yield of S8 from H2S. If you started with 30.0 grams
When hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled into a solution of sodium hydroxide, the reaction forms sodium sulfide and water. How many grams of sodium sulfide are formed if 1.25 g of hydrogen sulfide is bubbled into a solution containing 2.00 g of sodium hydroxide, assuming that the sodium sulfide is made
Write the balanced chemical equations for (a) The complete combustion of acetic acid (CH3COOH), the main active ingredient in vinegar (b) The decomposition of solid calcium hydroxide into solid calcium(II) oxide (lime) and water vapor (c) The combination reaction between nickel metal and chlorine
If 1.5 mol C2H5OH, 1.5 mol C3H8, and 1.5 mol CH3CH2COCH3 are completely combusted in oxygen, which produces the largest number of moles of H2O? Which produces the least? Explain.
The effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers depends on both their ability to deliver nitrogen to plants and the amount of nitrogen they can deliver. Four common nitrogen-containing fertilizers are ammonia, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and urea [(NH2)2CO]. Rank these fertilizers in terms of the
(a) The molecular formula of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), one of the most common pain relievers, is C9H8O4. How many moles of C9H8O4 are in a 0.500-g tablet of aspirin? (b) How many molecules of C9H8O4 are in this tablet? (c) How many carbon atoms are in the tablet?
Very small crystals composed of 1000 to 100,000 atoms, called quantum dots, are being investigated for use in electronic devices. (a) A quantum dot was made of solid silicon in the shape of a sphere, with a diameter of 4 nm. Calculate the mass of the quantum dot, using the density of silicon (2.3
(a) What scientific principle or law is used in the process of balancing chemical equations? (b) In balancing equations, why should you not change subscripts in chemical formulas? (c) How would you write out liquid water, water vapor, aqueous sodium chloride, and solid sodium chloride in chemical
(a) One molecule of the antibiotic penicillin G has a mass of 5.342 × 10-21. What is the molar mass of penicillin G? (b) Hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells, has four iron atoms per molecule and contains 0.340% iron by mass. Calculate the molar mass of hemoglobin.
Serotonin is a compound that conducts nerve impulses in the brain. It contains 68.2 mass percent C, 6.86 mass percent H, 15.9 mass percent N, and 9.08 mass percent O. Its molar mass is 176 g/mol. Determine its molecular formula.
The koala dines exclusively on eucalyptus leaves. Its digestive system detoxifies the eucalyptus oil, a poison to other animals. The chief constituent in eucalyptus oil is a substance called eucalyptol, which contains 77.87% C, 11.76% H, and the remainder O. (a) What is the empirical formula for
Vanillin, the dominant flavoring in vanilla, contains C, H, and O. When 1.05 g of this substance is completely combusted, 2.43 g of CO2 and 0.50 g of H2O are produced. What is the empirical formula of vanillin?
An organic compound was found to contain only C, H, and Cl. When a 1.50-g sample of the compound was completely combusted in air, 3.52 g of CO2 was formed. In a separate experiment the chlorine in a 1.00-g sample of the compound was converted to 1.27 g of AgCl. Determine the empirical formula of
A compound, KBrOx, where x is unknown, is analyzed and found to contain 52.92% Br. What is the value of x?
An element X forms an iodide (Xl3) and a chloride (XCl3). The iodide is quantitatively converted to the chloride when it is heated in a stream of chlorine: 2 XI3 + 3 Cl2 → 2 XCl3 + 3 I2 If 0.5000 g of Xl3 is treated, 0.2360 g of XCl3 is obtained. (a) Calculate the atomic weight of the element
A method used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for determining the concentration of ozone in air is to pass the air sample through a "bubbler" containing sodium iodide, which removes the ozone according to the following equation:(a) How many moles of sodium iodide are needed to
A chemical plant uses electrical energy to decompose aqueous solutions of NaCl to give Cl2, H2, and NaOH: If the plant produces 1.5 × 106 kg (1500 metric tons) of Cl2 daily, estimate the quantities of H2 and NaOH produced.
The fat stored in a camel's hump is a source of both energy and water. Calculate the mass of H2O produced by metabolism of 1.0 kg of fat, assuming the fat consists entirely of tristearin (C57H110O6), a typical animal fat, and assuming that during metabolism, tristearin reacts with O2 to form only
Which of the following schematic drawings best describes a solution of Li2SO4 in water (water molecules not shown for simplicity)?
If you want to double the concentration of a solution, how could you do it?
Using modern analytical techniques, it is possible to detect sodium ions in concentrations as low as 50 pg/mL. What is this detection limit expressed in (a) molarity of Na+ (b) Na+ ions per cubic centimeter?

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