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engineering
materials science engineering
Questions and Answers of
Materials Science Engineering
Describe the two different gas flows in plasma arc welding.
What are some of the attractive features of plasma arc welding?
What is the primary difference between plasma arc welding and plasma arc cutting?
Why is plasma arc cutting an attractive way of cutting high-melting-point materials?
What techniques can be used to constrict the arc in plasma arc cutting, to produce a narrower, more controlled cut?
Compared to oxyfuel cutting, what are some of the attractive features of the plasma technique?
Describe the relative size of the heat-affected zone for the various cutting processes: oxyfuel, arc, and plasma.
Why might it be wise to machine away the thermally cut edge and heat-affected zone of metal that will be used as a stressed machine part?
What are the four primary consumable arc-welding processes?
What are some of the functions of the electrode coatings used in shielded metal arc welding?
How are welding electrodes commonly classified, and what information does the designation usually provide?
As a new employee in a bicycle shop, you learn that customers will frequently seek advice regarding various types of bicycle repair. Bent or broken frames appear to be a common problem, and you learn
What are the two major roles of applied pressure in resistance welding?
What are the two basic types of stationary spot-welding machines?
What is the major advantage of spot-welding guns?
What is a transgun? What is a disadvantage of a transgun when accurate positioning is required?
What are some of the properties that must be possessed by resistance welding electrodes?
What is the practical limit of the thicknesses of material that can be readily spot welded?
What design features can be altered to permit the joining of different thicknesses or different conductivity metals?
What is the difference between the seams produced by roll-spot welding and continuous seam welding?
What are some of the attractive features of resistance welding when viewed from a manufacturing standpoint?
What are some of the primary limitations to the use of resistance welding?
What type of metallurgical problem might be encountered when spot welding medium- or high-carbon steels?
What were some of the limitations that made the forge welds of a blacksmith somewhat variable in terms of quality?
Describe how the roll bonding process can be used to fabricate products that contain pressure-tight, fluid-flow channels that once required the use of metal tubing.
How does inertia welding differ from friction welding?
How are surface impurities removed in the friction and inertia welding processes?
What is the benefit of applying additional pressure and forging the hot metal in the joint?
How does friction stir welding differ from friction welding?
What are some of the attractive features of ultrasonic welding?
If the interface of a weld is viewed in cross section, what is the distinctive geometric feature of an explosive weld?
In what ways is a thermit weld similar to the production of a casting?
Why is there no need for fluxes or shielding gases in resistance
What are some of the various functions of the slag in electroslag welding?
Electroslag welding would be most attractive for the joining of what types of geometries and thicknesses?
Why is a high vacuum required in the electron beam chamber of an electron-beam welding machine?
What types of production limitations are imposed by the high-vacuum requirements of electron-beam welding? What com-promises are made when welding is performed on pieces outside the vacuum chamber?
What are some of the attractive features of electron-beam welding?
What are some of the ways in which laser-beam welding is more attractive than electron-beam welding?
Why is laser-beam welding an attractive process for use on small electronic components?
What features enable industrial lasers to be integrated easily with robots and CNC machines?
What are the three components that contribute to the total resistance between the electrodes?
What are some of the attractive features of laser spot welding?
In the flash welding process, why is it important to have a minimum duration of arcing and minimum amount of upsetting?
Why is it difficult to produce a weld between thermosetting polymers but not difficult with the thermoplastics?
What are some of the more common techniques for welding thermoplastics? Identify the primary source of heat for each of these processes.
What types of materials are applied by surfacing methods?
What are some of the primary methods by which surfacing materials can be deposited onto a metal substrate?
What are some of the techniques that can be used to apply a thermal spray coating?
How is thermal spraying similar to surfacing? How is it different?
Why is surface preparation such a critical feature of metallizing?
What are some of the more common applications of sprayed coatings?
What measures can be taken to reduce the resistance between the electrodes and the workpieces?
What are the possible consequences of too little pressure during the resistance welding cycle? Too much pressure?
What is the ideal sequence for pressure application during resistance welding?
What magnitudes of current may be used to produce resistance welds?
The processes described for the joining of plastics focused almost exclusively on the thermoplastic polymers. What types of joining techniques could be applied to thermosetting polymers? To
Electric power transformers do not operate at 100% efficiency, and generally incorporate some means of cooling in their design. Large transformers are often submerged in oil-filled reservoirs, where
What are the three primary functions of a brazing flux?
Why is it important to preclean brazing surfaces before applying the flux?
What is the purpose of brazing jigs and fixtures?
Why might reducing atmospheres or a vacuum be employed during furnace brazing operations?
Why is dip brazing usually restricted to use with small parts?
What are some of the attractive features of induction brazing?
What features are important in a reasonable definition of brazing?
How does braze welding differ from traditional brazing?
Why is soldering unattractive if a high-strength joint is desired?
What are some of the difficulties encountered when attempting a conversion to leadfree solder?
What are some of the more common heat sources for producing a soldered joint?
What are some key differences between brazing and fusion welding?
Why is brazing an attractive process for joining dissimilar materials?
Why do brazed joints have an enhanced susceptibility to corrosion?
What is the most important factor contributing to the strength of a brazed joint, and therefore what is capillary action?
Why is it necessary to adjust the initial room-temperature clearance of a joint between two significantly different metals?
What are the two most common types of brazed joints and the attractive features of each?
What are some important considerations when selecting a brazing alloy?
A common problem with brazed or soldered joints is galvanic corrosion, since the joint usually involves dissimilar metals in direct metal-to-metal electrical contact, a. For each of the various
What are some of the temperature considerations that should be made when selecting an adhesive?
What are some of the environmental conditions that might reduce the performance or lifetime of a structural adhesive?
Why is it desirable for adhesive joints to be designed so the adhesive is loaded in shear or compression?
Why are butt joints unattractive for adhesive bonding?
What are some common techniques by which surfaces are prepared for adhesive bonding?
Why are the structural adhesives an attractive means of joining dissimilar metals or materials? Different sizes or thicknesses?
What are some of the other attractive properties of structural adhesives?
In what ways might a structural adhesive offer manufacturing ease or reduced manufacturing cost?
Why are adhesive joints unattractive for applications that involve exposure to elevated temperature? Are there any low-temperature concerns?
In view of the relatively low strengths of the structural adhesives, how can adhesively bonded joints attain strengths comparable to other methods of joining?
What factors would influence the selection of a specific type of mechanical fastener or fastening method?
What is an integral fastener? Provide an example.
How are press fits similar to shrink or expansion fits? How do they differ?
What are some of the common causes for failure of mechanically fastened joints?
From a manufacturing viewpoint, why is it desirable to use standard fasteners and minimize the variety of fasteners within a given product?
Characterize the temperature range over which epoxies might be used, typical values of shear strength, and commonly observed curing times.
What promotes the curing of cyanoacrylates? Of anaerobics?
What features or characteristics might favor the selection of a silicone adhesive?
Describe some types of nonstructural or special adhesives.
Some automakers are using adhesives and sealants that cure under the same conditions used for the paint-bake operation. Determine the conditions used for paint-bake, and identify some adhesives and
A contractor has installed aluminum siding on a house with steel nails. Use the galvanic series to evaluate the corrosion properties of this assembly. What do you expect will be the outcome of this
Mechanical fasteners are an attractive means of joining composite materials because they avoid exposing the composite to heat and/or high pressure. Assume that the composite is a polymer-based
You are employed by a small manufacturer of sporting goods equipment, and your design team has recently proposed a new line of high-performance golf clubs. The club head is to be a "standard" AISI
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