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engineering
materials science engineering

Questions and Answers of Materials Science Engineering

What is carburizing? Why does a carburized part have to be further heat-treated after the carbon is diffused into the surface?
In what ways might ionitriding be more attractive than conventional nitriding or carburizing?
For what type of products or product mixes might a batch furnace be preferred to a continuous furnace?
Why might equilibrium phase diagrams be useful aids in designing and understanding the processing heat treatments?
How are parts heated in a fluidized-bed furnace? What are some of the attractive features?
In what ways might the heat treatment of metals actually be an energy conservation measure?
What are the A1, A3 and Acm lines?
What properties account for the high-volume use of medium-carbon steels?
What are some of the common alloy elements added to steel?
What are some of the different reasons that alloying elements might be added to steel?
What alloys are particularly effective in increasing the hard-enability of steel?
What is a ferrous material?
What is the significance of the last two digits in a typical four-digit AISI-SAE steel designation?
How are letters incorporated into the AISI-SAE designation system for steel, and what do some of the more common ones mean?
Why should the proposed fabrication processes enter into the considerations when selecting a steel?
How are the final properties usually obtained in the constructional alloy steels? In the HSLA steels?
What are microalloyed steels?
What are some of the potential benefits that may be obtained through the use of microalloyed steels?
What features make dual-phase steels potentially more attractive than HSLA?
What are some of the various alloy additions that have been used to improve the machinability of steels?
When iron ore is reduced to metallic iron, what other elements are generally present in the metal?
What are the attractive characteristics of the bake-hardenable steels?
What economic factors might justify the use of precoated steel sheet?
Why have the amorphous metals attracted attention as potential materials for magnetic applications?
Under what conditions might maraging steels be required?
What features make steel an attractive material for recycling?
Which of the major types of stainless steel is likely to contain significant amounts of carbon? Why?
Under what conditions might a martensitic stainless steel "rust" when exposed to a hostile environment?
How does steel differ from pig iron?
What is a duplex stainless steel?
What is sensitization of a stainless steel, and how can it be prevented?
What is a tool steel?
How does the AISI-SAE designation system for tool steels differ from that for plain-carbon and alloy steels?
For what types of applications might an air-hardenable tool steel be attractive?
What are some of the reasons that alloy additions are made to cast irons that will be used in their as-cast condition?
What are some of the changes that can be made to a steel by ladle metallurgy operations?
What is solidification shrinkage?
What are some of the attractive economic and processing advantages of continuous casting?
What are some of the techniques used to reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in molten steel?
The interior tub of a washing machine is the container that holds the clothes during the washing and rinsing cycles, but also contains the perforations that permit removal of the water by draining
What types of properties do nonferrous metals possess that are not available in the ferrous metals?
What are some attractive engineering properties of copper-nickel alloys?
Describe the somewhat unique property combination that exists in heat-treated copper-beryllium alloys. What has limited its use in recent years?
How does aluminum compare to steel in terms of weight? Discuss the merits of comparing cost per unit weight versus cost per unit volume.
How are the wrought alloys distinguished from the cast alloys in the aluminum designation system? Why would these two groups of metals have distinctly different properties?
What feature in the wrought aluminum designation scheme is used to denote the condition or structure of a given alloy?
What specific material properties might make an aluminum casting alloy attractive for permanent mold casting? For die casting?
What particular design feature or requirement is generally necessary to justify the use of magnesium alloys?
Describe the designation system applied to magnesium alloys.
Under what conditions should magnesium be considered to be a flammable or explosive material?
What is the primary application of pure zinc? Of the zinc-based engineering alloys?
When selecting a lead-tin alloy for a solder application, why might the lead content be higher than that associated with lowest-melting-point alloy in the system?
What properties make copper attractive for cold-working processes?
What are some of the limiting properties of copper that might restrict its area of application?
What are the two primary types of commercially pure copper and how do they differ?
What are some of the attractive engineering properties that account for the wide use of the copper-zinc alpha brasses?
Why might cold-worked brass require a stress relief prior to being placed in service?
A major tool-manufacturing company is considering an expansion of its line of conventional hand tools to include safety tools, capable of being used in areas such as gas leaks where the potential of
What are some of the ways that a thermoplastic polymer can be made stronger?
Describe how thermoplastic or thermosetting characteristics affect productivity during the fabrication of a molded part.
What are some limiting properties of plastics, and in what general area do they fall?
What are some of the more common filler materials used in plastics?
What are some properties and characteristics of the "engineering plastics"?
What are some products for which plastics have captured segments of markets traditionally held by other materials?
What is the unique mechanical property of elastomeric materials, and what structural feature is responsible for it?
How can cross-linking be used to control the engineering properties of elastomers?
What are some of the limitations of natural rubber?
How might plastics be defined from the viewpoints of chemistry, structure, fabrication, and processing?
Why are the crystal structures of ceramics frequently more complex than those observed for metals?
How are glass products formed or shaped?
What are cermets, and what properties or combination of properties do they offer?
Why do the mechanical properties of ceramics generally show a wider statistical spread than the same properties of metals?
If all significant flaws or defects could be eliminated from the structural ceramics, what features might still limit their possible applications?
What is the primary type of atomic bonding within polymers?
What are some attractive and limiting properties of sialon (one of the structural ceramics)?
What are some ceramic materials that are currently being used for cutting-tool applications, and what features or properties make them attractive?
What is a composite material?
What are the basic structural features of a composite material that influence and determine its properties?
What is the attractive aspect to the strength that is induced by the particles in a dispersion-strengthened particulate composite material?
Which of the three primary composite geometries is most likely to possess isotropic properties?
What is the primary role of the matrix in a fiber-reinforced composite? Of the fibers?
What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated molecule?
What are some of the more popular fiber materials used in fiber-reinforced composite materials?
What are some features that influence the properties of fiber-reinforced composites?
In what ways are metal-matrix composites superior to straight engineering metals? To organic-matrix composites?
What are some major limitations to the extensive use of composite materials in engineering applications?
What are some major limitations to the extensive use of composite materials in engineering applications? Discuss.
What is an isomer?
Describe and differentiate the two means of forming polymers: addition and condensation.
Describe and differentiate thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics.
(a) One of Leonardo da Vinci's sketchbooks contains a crude sketch of an underwater boat (or submarine). Leonardo did not attempt to develop or refine this sketch further, possibly because he
Coatings have been applied to cutting tool materials since the early 1970s. Desirable properties of these coatings include high-temperature stability, chemical stability, low coefficient of friction,
Ceramic engines continue to constitute an area of considerable interest and are frequently discussed in the popular literature. If perfected, they would allow higher operating temperatures with a
The items illustrated in Figure CS-8 are the handle grips for an industrial-quality, pneumatic-tire, two-wheel dolly. They are designed to be bolted onto box-channel tubular sections using four
What are some of the possible pitfalls in the case-history approach to materials selection?
What is the most frequent pitfall when seeking to improve an existing product?
What should be the first step in any materials selection problem?
In what ways does the concept of shape considerations go beyond a dimensioned sketch?
How might temperature enter into the specification of mechanical properties?
What are some of the important aspects of the service environment to be considered when selecting an engineering material?

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