Figure shows an amplifier using two identical npn bipolar transistors connected to form a long-tailed pair. The
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Figure shows an amplifier using two identical npn bipolar transistors connected to form a long-tailed pair. The two inputs carry small-signal voltages v1 and v2. Each transistor has mutual conductance gm = ∂Ic/∂vbe
(i) For the values of the resistors given find the value of the quiescent DC voltage at the collector of T2.
(ii) Derive an expression for the small-signal voltage vout in terms of v1 and v2.
(iii) Outline the advantages of replacing R3 by a constant-current source.
(iv) Sketch a circuit suitable for use as a constant-current source in this context.
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