Biology unit 7 2.0

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Biology - Genetics

user_hassanuml Created by 9 mon ago

Cards in this deck(37)

deoxyribonucleic acid

ribonucleic acid

Both contain adenine, cytosine, and guanine Both have phosphate groups in nucleotides Formed from nitrogenous bases

RNA contains uracil, and DNA has thymine

Contains genetic code

turns genetic code into proteins

deoxyribose

ribose

Involved in transcription - made in nucleus - carries DNA instructions to the ribosome for protein synthesis

Makes up ribosomes - the site of protein synthesis - Made of two subunits made of rRNA and proteins

Involved in translation - transfers amino acids from cytoplasm to the ribosome to build proteins

Process by which copying DNA message into mRNA

process by which proteins are synthesized

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

Process in which the protein-coding sequence of an mRNA is altered after transcription. The amino acids specified by the altered mRNA are different from those predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the protein.

Intervening (are removed)

expressed (used for protein synthesis)

three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

used to decode codons and determine the amino acid sequence

AUG (methionine)

UGA, UAA, UAG

all the proteins

The mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble—in order—the chain of amino acids that form a protein

nucleus

on ribosomes in cytoplasm

change in DNA sequence

No some are beneficial

•UV light •Other radiation •DNA polymerase errors •Chemical mutagens - spontaneous errors in DNA replication during cell division - Mutagens

physical or chemical agents that can cause mutations

deletion, insertion, substitution

removes a chromosomal segment

A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.

one nucleotide replaces another

A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.

A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.

A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created.

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Biology unit 7 2.0

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